The Role of Continuous Glucose Monitoring, Diabetes Smartphone Applications, and Self-Care Behavior in Glycemic Control: Results of a Multi-National Online Survey
Abstract:Background: This study investigated the determinants (with a special emphasis on the role of diabetes app use, use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device, and self-care behavior) of glycemic control of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: A web-based survey was conducted using diabetes Facebook groups, online patient-forums, and targeted Facebook advertisements (ads). Demographic, CGM, diabetes app use, and self-care behavior data were collected. Glycemic level data were categorized into h… Show more
“…Many use the Internet for shopping, social networking, banking [1,2], and for seeking health information [3][4][5]. Some use mobile applications or web portals to support behavior modification such as physical activity, diet control, and smoking cessation [6][7][8].…”
Background: Acceptance of Electronic patient portal (EPP) is instrumental for its success. Studies on users' acceptance in the Middle East region are scarce. This study aims to use the TAM as a framework to quantitatively describe potential users, diabetic and chronic high blood pressure patients and their providers, intention to use and factors influencing the intention to use EPP at AUBMC-FMC We concurrently test the internal construct validity and the reliability of the TAM. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design and the vignette approach were used. For validation, we needed a minimum of 180 patients; all 35 attending physicians and 11 registered nurses were targeted. We used descriptive statistics to calculate the intention to use EPP and its determinants based on the TAM constructs. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were employed to estimate significant path coefficients for patients only as the sample size of providers was too small. Results: We had 199 patients, half intended to use EPP; 73% of providers (N = 17) intended to use EPP. Perceived ease of use and privacy concerns were significantly higher among providers than patients (Mean (M) = 0.77 vs M = 0.42 (CI: − 0.623; − 0.081)) and (M = 3.67 vs M = 2.13, CI: − 2.16; − 0.91) respectively; other constructs were not significantly different. Reliability of TAM revealed a Cronbach Alpha of α=.91. EFA showed that three components explained 73.48% of the variance: Behavioral Intention of Use (14.9%), Perceived Ease of Use (50.74%), Perceived Usefulness (7.84%). SEM found that perceived ease of use increased perceived usefulness (standardized regression weight = 0.49); perceived usefulness (0.51) had more predictive value than perceived ease of use (0.27) to explain the behavioral intention of use of the EPP. Conclusions: We found that providers valued the usefulness of EPP and were mostly intending to use it. This finding has yet to be tested in future studies testing actual use as intention and actual use may not be concordant. The intention to use among patients was lower than those reported in developed countries. We identified two factors that we need to address to increase use, namely perceived ease and usefulness, and proposed practical implications to address them; future research directions were also discussed.
“…Many use the Internet for shopping, social networking, banking [1,2], and for seeking health information [3][4][5]. Some use mobile applications or web portals to support behavior modification such as physical activity, diet control, and smoking cessation [6][7][8].…”
Background: Acceptance of Electronic patient portal (EPP) is instrumental for its success. Studies on users' acceptance in the Middle East region are scarce. This study aims to use the TAM as a framework to quantitatively describe potential users, diabetic and chronic high blood pressure patients and their providers, intention to use and factors influencing the intention to use EPP at AUBMC-FMC We concurrently test the internal construct validity and the reliability of the TAM. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design and the vignette approach were used. For validation, we needed a minimum of 180 patients; all 35 attending physicians and 11 registered nurses were targeted. We used descriptive statistics to calculate the intention to use EPP and its determinants based on the TAM constructs. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were employed to estimate significant path coefficients for patients only as the sample size of providers was too small. Results: We had 199 patients, half intended to use EPP; 73% of providers (N = 17) intended to use EPP. Perceived ease of use and privacy concerns were significantly higher among providers than patients (Mean (M) = 0.77 vs M = 0.42 (CI: − 0.623; − 0.081)) and (M = 3.67 vs M = 2.13, CI: − 2.16; − 0.91) respectively; other constructs were not significantly different. Reliability of TAM revealed a Cronbach Alpha of α=.91. EFA showed that three components explained 73.48% of the variance: Behavioral Intention of Use (14.9%), Perceived Ease of Use (50.74%), Perceived Usefulness (7.84%). SEM found that perceived ease of use increased perceived usefulness (standardized regression weight = 0.49); perceived usefulness (0.51) had more predictive value than perceived ease of use (0.27) to explain the behavioral intention of use of the EPP. Conclusions: We found that providers valued the usefulness of EPP and were mostly intending to use it. This finding has yet to be tested in future studies testing actual use as intention and actual use may not be concordant. The intention to use among patients was lower than those reported in developed countries. We identified two factors that we need to address to increase use, namely perceived ease and usefulness, and proposed practical implications to address them; future research directions were also discussed.
“…4 Self-management is an important skill for patients with diabetes mellitus, 5,6 and this involves monitoring glucose levels and making behavioral changes to achieve better glycemic control. 7 There is a large body of evidence that supports the use of innovative technologies, such as telehealth, to monitor and manage chronic diseases such as diabetes, orthopedic conditions, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or renal disease at a distance and as frequently as necessary. 4,[8][9][10][11][12][13] Although there has been a high level of interest in using technology in health care and significant growth is expected in this area, 14 implementation has not been without problems, and many of the forecasts have not yet been fully realized.…”
Objective Understanding patients' acceptance of and satisfaction with telehealth use is important for workplace health promotion. In this study, we used a questionnaire to measure patients' usage behavior and satisfaction with cloud-based telehealth services in the workplace. We empirically investigated the factors that influence patients' usage and satisfaction based on data collected from 101 participants.
Methods As its main research framework, this study utilized a revised version of the technology acceptance model 2 that was based on the telehealth services provided for chronic disease management. Through integrating a cross-sectional research design with an author-developed structured questionnaire that was assessed using reliability and validity tests, an anonymous survey was conducted on selected participants. The proposed research model and hypotheses were validated through path analysis using SPSS.
Results We found that users believe telehealth services can promote their workplace health management; that job relevance, result demonstrability, and perceived ease of use (PEOU) positively affect the perceived usefulness (PU), which implies that cognitive instrumental processes have the most significant impact on the PU of cloud-based telehealth; and that both PEOU and PU positively affect the intention to use (IU), but PU has a bigger influence than PEOU on users' intentions to continue using telehealth. In particular, the IU and actual usage behavior were critical to the patients' satisfaction with telehealth services.
Conclusion This research contributes to the rapid developing field of technology acceptance research by examining workplace telemedicine engagement. Our results will provide researchers with useful advice and a user-centered strategy for promoting workplace health management, which benefits both health care providers and corporate managers.
“…This reduces the need to perform BG tests using the traditional glucometer, while providing deeper insight on the patient's BG trends by monitoring the BG value around the clock [3]. Intuitively, deeper understanding of the patient's glycemic profile results in a better ability to maintain the BG value in a target range, thus reducing the number or duration of the episodes of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia experienced by the patient [4,5]. Several wearable devices for CGM are available on the market.…”
Diabetes is a high-prevalence disease that leads to an alteration in the patient’s blood glucose (BG) values. Several factors influence the subject’s BG profile over the day, including meals, physical activity, and sleep. Wearable devices are available for monitoring the patient’s BG value around the clock, while activity trackers can be used to record his/her sleep and physical activity. However, few tools are available to jointly analyze the collected data, and only a minority of them provide functionalities for performing advanced and personalized analyses. In this paper, we present AID-GM, a web application that enables the patient to share with his/her diabetologist both the raw BG data collected by a flash glucose monitoring device, and the information collected by activity trackers, including physical activity, heart rate, and sleep. AID-GM provides several data views for summarizing the subject’s metabolic control over time, and for complementing the BG profile with the information given by the activity tracker. AID-GM also allows the identification of complex temporal patterns in the collected heterogeneous data. In this paper, we also present the results of a real-world pilot study aimed to assess the usability of the proposed system. The study involved 30 pediatric patients receiving care at the Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Hospital in Pavia, Italy.
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