The Role of Conflict in Sex Discrimination: The Case of Missing Girls

Abstract

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The Casualties of War: An Excess Mortality Estimate of Lives Lost in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict

“…While this is somehow our ‘least negative’ finding, it is well known that armed conflict has myriad other consequences on civilians, beyond immediate mortality. Physical and mental health traumas, displacement, consequences for reproductive health, family choices, and bereavement, to name a few, have been documented in many conflict-affected settings, including in relation to the First Karabakh War (Alburez-Gutierrez, 2022 ; Kerimova et al, 2003 ; Mavisakalyan & Minasyan, 2021 ; Murray et al, 2002 ; Torrisi, 2020 ; van Baelen et al, 2005 ; Williams et al, 2021 ). Additionally, many civilians as well as combatants remain wounded and suffer long-term disabilities.…”

Gendered Language and Gendered Violence

“…This study contributes to the emerging body of work that seeks to identify the drivers of violence against women. Existing studies highlight the significance of historical circumstances that have shaped social norms that legitimize such violence, including the legacies of conflict (La Mattina, 2017;Mavisakalyan and Minasyan, 2021), historical family structures (Tur-Prats, 2019; Beltrán Tapia and Gallego-Martínez, 2020), and socio-economic hierarchies (Leyaro et al, 2017;Alesina et al, 2021). Contemporary informal norms around marriage and post-marital residence continue to influence violence experienced by women (Jacoby and Mansuri, 2010;Jayachandran, 2015;Khalil and Mookerjee, 2019).…”

“…Formal institutions, like the features of inheritance and divorce laws and law-and-order institutions also affect such violence (Amaral, 2017;Amaral et al, 2021;García-Ramos, 2021). There is evidence to suggest that in some settings IPV declines in response to women's economic empowerment (Aizer, 2010;Hidrobo et al, 2016;Mavisakalyan and Minasyan, 2021). However, in other contexts, especially those characterised by conservative and rigid gender role norms, backlash against women's economic empowerment may increase aggression against women (Hidrobo and Fernald, 2013;Heath, 2014;Zhang and Breunig, 2021).…”