The Role of Competition for Resources in Phytoplankton Succession

Sommer, Ulrich

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-74890-5_3

Cited by 209 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…For example, the broader absorption spectrum of Aphanizomenon (due to the presence of phycoerythrin in this strain), its higher maximum efficiency of photosynthesis, its relative high steadystate N # fixation activity and its slightly higher growth affinity for light under severely light-limited conditions, all characterize Aphanizomenon as a ' lowlight ' or ' shade ' species (an affinity strategist sensu Sommer (1989)). On the other hand, Anabaena can be characterized as a ' sun ' species, at least in comparison to Aphanizomenon, based on, for example, the higher maximum rate of O # production in Anabaena and its higher maximum specific growth rate (a growth strategist sensu Sommer (1989)). Therefore, we expect Anabaena to become the dominant N # -fixing organism upon the development of N-limited conditions in an aquatic system, unless light energy is the growth-limiting factor.…”

Section: Ecological Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Comparison of the light‐limited growth of the nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacteria Anabaena and Aphanizomenon

et al. 1998

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The effect of simultaneous N # fixation and light limitation on the growth of two strains of Anabaena sp. Bory de St. Vincent and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (L.) Ralfs was investigated using continuous cultures. Under severely light-limited conditions, Aphanizomenon showed a broader absorption spectrum (due to the presence of phycoerythrin), a higher maximum efficiency of photosynthesis, a higher steady-state N # fixation activity and a higher growth affinity for light than did Anabaena. On the other hand, under light saturation, Anabaena showed a higher maximum rate of O # production and a higher maximum specific growth rate than Aphanizomenon. These monoculture results characterize Anabaena and Aphanizomenon, in relative terms, as a ' sun ' and a ' shade ' species respectively, and are in accordance with field observations. The difference between the two species in their acclimatory response is discussed in terms of a species-specific alteration of the PSI : PSII stoichiometry. Besides the species-specific modulation of the accessory pigments, such an acclimation would provide a biochemical basis for the observed physiological differences. The monoculture results were used to differentiate the niches of the two species and suggested that Aphanizomenon would competitively displace Anabaena under N # -fixing, light-limited conditions. However, when both species were grown together, Anabaena became dominant and seemed to be the superior competitor for light. In order to explain this finding, the possible effects of release of allelopathic compounds, or dynamic aspects of light supply, are discussed.

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Section: Ecological Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Comparison of the light‐limited growth of the nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacteria Anabaena and Aphanizomenon

et al. 1998

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“…Most of the known factors determining phytoplankton succession relate to changes in nutrient concentrations, light (Reynolds, 2006), thermal stratification and predator-prey relationships (Beninca et al, 2008;Reynolds, 1989;Sommer, 1989). In addition, plankton communities follow distinct seasonal succession patterns caused by changes in lifehistory traits (Litchman and Klausmeier, 2008;Sommer et al, 1986) and nutrient stoichiometry (Philippart and Cadee, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term changes in the seasonality of selected diatoms related to grazers and environmental conditions

Schlüter¹,

Kraberg²,

Wiltshire³

2012

Journal of Sea Research

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The decoupling of trophic interactions could be one of the severe consequences of climate warming in aquatic systems. The timing of phytoplankton blooms, in particular, can affect competition within the plankton community as well as food-web interactions with zooplankton and fish. Using long-term data from Helgoland Roads in the southern North Sea, we examine diatom seasonality, using three representative diatom species combined with environmental and copepod time series over the last four decades. The long-term annual abundances of Guinardia delicatula, Thalassionema nitzschioides and Odontella aurita exhibited interannual variations and dissimilar cyclic patterns during the time period under study . Of the three diatoms, G. delicatula showed a significant trend towards earlier bloom timings for 1962-2008 and a later decline of its abundance over time was found. Grazing and water transparency explained most of the bloom timing fluctuations of the diatoms considered. The annual timing of occurrences of each diatom species was correlated with their preceding concentrations. Earlier bloom timings occurred when autumn/winter concentrations were higher than average and later bloom timings occurred when autumn/winter concentrations were lower than average. Different environmental and predation variables related to the diatom bloom timings were found suggesting that climate warming might not affect the onset of the blooms of the three diatom species in the same manner. The results of the multiple linear regression analyses showed that the timings of decline of the three diatoms were mainly correlated with decreasing nutrient concentrations. Sunshine duration could prolong the duration of the blooms of T. nitzschioides and O. aurita provided that enough nutrients were available. In the case of G. delicatula, however, sunshine duration was negatively correlated with its end of the growth period. G. delicatula and T. nitzschioides showed later decreases in abundances under warmer spring and summer temperatures. Such species specific differences in the sensitivity to the forcing variables could lead to shifts in community structure and could ultimately have wider implications to the overall ecosystem health of the North Sea.

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“…Based on limited data or general expectation, it has been suggested that C : N : P ratios of lacustrine particles are or should be similar to those in the marine environment (Harris 1986;Stumm 1983;Holm-Hansen 1972). However, devia-tions from Redfield proportions do occur in lakes (Healey and Hendzel 1980;Sommer 1990), and, in fact, particulate composition ratios have been used together with physiological indicators on individual lakes to assess the nutrient status of the phytoplankton in lakes (e.g. Healey and Hendzell980;Sakshaug et al 1983;Sommer 1990).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, devia-tions from Redfield proportions do occur in lakes (Healey and Hendzel 1980;Sommer 1990), and, in fact, particulate composition ratios have been used together with physiological indicators on individual lakes to assess the nutrient status of the phytoplankton in lakes (e.g. Healey and Hendzell980;Sakshaug et al 1983;Sommer 1990). Recently Kilham (1990) has re-emphasized that nutrient stoichiometry may determine the species composition and growth rate of lake phytoplankton communities and should receive much greater consideration in limnological studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The stoichiometry of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in particulate matter of lakes and oceans

Hecky¹,

Campbell²,

Hendzel³

1993

Limnology & Oceanography

541

345

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The mean carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents of particulate material for 5 1 lakes or lake basins, extending from arctic to tropical climatic regions, including small lakes as well as the largest lakes in the world, indicate that Redfield ratios are the exception rather than the rule in freshwater. The C: P and N : P ratios are more variable for lake particles but generally higher than marine particles, and the mean molar C: N, C: P, and N : P ratios are substantially higher than the Redfield ratio of 106 : 16: 1. On average, lower C : N, C : P, and N : P ratios occur in subarctic lakes while higher ratios occur in the tropics and in temperate, oligotrophic lakes on the Canadian Shield. In shield lakes with long residence times (>6 months) the high ratios of C : N, C : P, and N : P do not originate from streamborne or atmospherically deposited particles but arise from in-lake processes. Regression analysis demonstrates that small lakes are generally more N and P deficient than large lakes. In freshwaters, particulate composition ratios imply that a wide variety of conditions exists in lakes, including N and P deficiency, as well as N and P sufficiency. In the Experimental Lakes Area of Canada, independent physiological nutrient status indicators generally agree with the status indicated by seston ratios. The relative uniformity of marine C : N : P composition (compared to lakes) at the Redfield ratio suggests that marine plankton cannot be as severely, or as frequently, limited by N and P as lake plankton. Consequently, the paradigm of N limitation in the oceans requires qualification.Based on particulate comDosition, it is more correct to say that ocean plankton is noi as N grid P deficient as lake-plankton.The composition of marine particulate matter is relatively uniform. Redfield (1934Redfield ( , 1958 noted the near constancy of the ratio of C : N : P in marine plankton and the similarity of the N : P ratio of plankton to the oceanic deepwater ratio of nitrate to phosphate. As early as 1940, the C : N : P molar composition ratio of marine plankton was accepted to be 106 : 16 : 1 (Redfield et al. 1963); this ratio is now referred to as the Redfield ratio. The ratio has withstood the test of time, and the ever-growing number of analyses of marine particles and nutrient regeneration profiles, with relatively AcknowledgmentsWe thank G. J. Bumskill and H. E. Welch for permission to publish particulate C, N, and P data on Lake Winnipeg and the Saqvaqjuac lakes, respectively. Dana Cruikshank and his field assistants sampled the ELA lakes for us.

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The Role of Competition for Resources in Phytoplankton Succession

Cited by 209 publications

References 68 publications

Comparison of the light‐limited growth of the nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacteria Anabaena and Aphanizomenon

Comparison of the light‐limited growth of the nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacteria Anabaena and Aphanizomenon

Long-term changes in the seasonality of selected diatoms related to grazers and environmental conditions

The stoichiometry of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in particulate matter of lakes and oceans

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