The role of collagen in determining bone mechanical properties

Wang, Xiaodu; Bank, Ruud A.; TeKoppele, J.M.; Agrawal, C. Mauli

doi:10.1016/s0736-0266(01)00047-x

Cited by 312 publications

(196 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…All the composites exhibited properties which were within the range of the flexural properties of cortical bones (E = 5-23 GPa, σ = 35-280 MPa) [30,31]. It is well known that the strength of the fibre/matrix interface is critical to the mechanical properties of fibre reinforced composites [9,[32][33][34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

In-situ polymerisation of fully bioresorbable polycaprolactone/phosphate glass fibre composites: In vitro degradation and mechanical properties

Chen

Parsons

Felfel

et al. 2016

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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Fully bioresorbable composites have been investigated in order to replace metal implant plates used for hard tissue repair. Retention of the composite mechanical properties within a physiological environment has been shown to be significantly affected due to loss of the integrity of the fibre/matrix interface. This study investigated phosphate based glass fibre (PGF) reinforced polycaprolactone (PCL) composites with 20%, 35% and 50% fibre volume fractions (Vf) manufactured via an in-situ polymerisation (ISP) process and a conventional laminate stacking (LS) followed by compression moulding. Reinforcing efficiency between the LS and ISP manufacturing process was compared, and the ISP composites revealed significant improvements in mechanical properties when compared to LS composites. The degradation profiles and mechanical properties were monitored in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 37°C for 28 days. ISP composites revealed significantly less media uptake and mass loss (p<0.001) throughout the degradation period. The initial flexural properties of ISP composites were substantially higher (p<0.0001) than those of the LS composites, which showed that the ISP manufacturing process provided a significantly enhanced reinforcement effect than the LS process. During the degradation study, statistically higher flexural property retention profiles were also seen for the ISP composites compared to LS composites. SEM micrographs of fracture surfaces for the LS composites revealed dry fibre bundles and poor fibre dispersion with polymer rich zones, which indicated poor interfacial bonding, distribution and adhesion. In contrast, evenly distributed fibres without dry fibre bundles or polymer rich zones, were clearly observed for the ISP composite samples, which showed that a superior fibre/matrix interface was achieved with highly improved adhesion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

In-situ polymerisation of fully bioresorbable polycaprolactone/phosphate glass fibre composites: In vitro degradation and mechanical properties

Chen

Parsons

Felfel

et al. 2016

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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“…At long length scales, the generation of microcracks in advance of the crack tip is believed to contribute to the fracture toughness, specifically via crack-tip shielding [e.g., 28,35,36], and cement lines and osteons are believed to affect the energetics of crack propagation [37]. More recently, the role of the mineralized collagen fibril has been explored [38,39], and a fiber-bridging model has been proposed as a toughening mechanism [25].…”

Section: Relevance To Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of orientation on the in vitro fracture toughness of dentin: the role of toughening mechanisms

2003

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Toughening mechanisms based on the presence of collagen fibrils have long been proposed for mineralized biological tissues like bone and dentin; however, no direct evidence for their precise role has ever been provided. Furthermore, although the anisotropy of mechanical properties of dentin with respect to orientation has been suggested in the literature, accurate measurements to support the effect of orientation on the fracture toughness of dentin are not available. To address these issues, the in vitro fracture toughness of dentin, extracted from elephant tusk, has been characterized using fatigue-precracked compact-tension specimens tested in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution at ambient temperature, with fracture paths perpendicular and parallel to the tubule orientations (and orientations in between) specifically being evaluated. It was found that the fracture toughness was lower where cracking occurred in the plane of the collagen fibers, as compared to crack paths perpendicular to the fibers. The origins of this effect on the toughness of dentin are discussed primarily in terms of the salient toughening mechanisms active in this material; specifically, the role of crack bridging, both from uncracked ligaments and by individual collagen fibrils, is considered. Estimates for the contributions from each of these mechanisms are provided from theoretical models available in the literature.

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“…Exercise-induced increases in postyield displacement strongly suggest that tissue quality is favorably altered by exercise. 18 Postyield displacement is generally thought to be driven by the organic phase of bone, 6,19 which may indicate that exercise improves collagen quality given that bone's organic matrix is 90% type I collagen. If true, exercise may be a potent noninvasive treatment for collagen-based disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise prevents β-aminopropionitrile-induced morphological changes to type I collagen in murine bone

Hammond¹,

Wallace²

2015

BoneKEy Reports

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This study evaluated the effects of reduced enzymatic crosslinking, exercise and the ability of exercise to prevent the deleterious impact of reduced crosslinking on collagen D-spacing. Eight-week-old female mice were divided into four weight-matched groups receiving daily injections of either phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or 300 mg kg À 1 b-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) while undergoing normal cage activity (Sed) or 30 min per day of treadmill exercise (Ex) for 21 consecutive days. BAPN caused a downward shift in the D-spacing distribution in Sed BAPN compared with Sed PBS (Po0.001) but not in Ex BAPN (P ¼ 0.429), indicating that exercise can prevent changes in collagen morphology caused by BAPN. Exercise had no effect on D-spacing in PBS control mice (P ¼ 0.726), which suggests that exercise-induced increases in lysyl oxidase may be a possible mechanism for preventing BAPN-induced changes in D-spacing. The D-spacing changes were accompanied by an increase in mineral crystallinity/maturity due to the main effect of BAPN (P ¼ 0.016). However, no changes in nanoindentation, reference point indentation or other Raman spectroscopy parameters were observed. The ability of exercise to rescue BAPN-driven changes in collagen morphology necessitates further research into the use of mechanical stimulation as a preventative therapy for collagen-based diseases.

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The role of collagen in determining bone mechanical properties

Cited by 312 publications

References 26 publications

In-situ polymerisation of fully bioresorbable polycaprolactone/phosphate glass fibre composites: In vitro degradation and mechanical properties

In-situ polymerisation of fully bioresorbable polycaprolactone/phosphate glass fibre composites: In vitro degradation and mechanical properties

Effect of orientation on the in vitro fracture toughness of dentin: the role of toughening mechanisms

Exercise prevents β-aminopropionitrile-induced morphological changes to type I collagen in murine bone

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