The Role of Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (CART) in Cancer: A Systematic Review

Owe-Larsson, Maja; Pawłasek, Jan; Piecha, Tomasz; Sztokfisz-Ignasiak, Alicja; Pater, Mikołaj; Janiuk, Izabela R.

doi:10.3390/ijms24129986

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…ROS may damage proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, affecting fertility mechanisms. Thus, CART's presence in mitochondria may have protective effects [29]. Consequently, a future proposal may be the study of oxidative stress mechanisms in women before and after bariatric surgery and their relation with the expression of the CART gene [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, CART's presence in mitochondria may have protective effects [29]. Consequently, a future proposal may be the study of oxidative stress mechanisms in women before and after bariatric surgery and their relation with the expression of the CART gene [29]. Little is known about the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in CART and leptin genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospective Study on the Correlation between CART and Leptin Gene Expression, Obesity, and Reproductive Hormones in Individuals Undergoing Bariatric Surgery

Voros,

Mpananis,

Papapanagiotou

et al. 2024

JCM

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Obesity, a global health concern affecting 650 million individuals of all ages worldwide, prompts health complications, including fertility issues. This research investigates the impact of bariatric surgery on morbidly obese females under 40, examining the relationship between CART and leptin gene expressions and reproductive hormones. Post-surgery, a significant reduction in BMI (16.03 kg/m2, n = 29) was observed, accompanied by notable hormonal changes. FSH levels showed a mean difference of 3.18 ± 1.19 pre- and post-surgery (p < 0.001), LH levels exhibited a mean difference of 2.62 ± 1.1 (p < 0.001), E2 levels demonstrated a mean difference of 18.62 ± 5.02 (p < 0.001), and AMH levels showed a mean difference of 3.18 ± 1.19 (p < 0.001). High CART and leptin expressions before treatment correlated with lower expressions after treatment. These findings, rooted in statistically significant correlations (CART: rs = 0.51, p = 0.005; leptin: rs = 0.75, p < 0.001), shed light on potential molecular pathways connecting gene expressions with reproductive hormones post-bariatric surgery. Our study uniquely investigates the interplay between genetic markers, infertility, and bariatric surgery in women. It stands out by providing distinctive insights into the development of personalized treatment strategies for obesity-related infertility, contributing to a deeper understanding of this complex medical issue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Study on the Correlation between CART and Leptin Gene Expression, Obesity, and Reproductive Hormones in Individuals Undergoing Bariatric Surgery

Voros,

Mpananis,

Papapanagiotou

et al. 2024

JCM

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“…64 "CARTPT" has potential involvement in cancer development and is a potential biomarker in multiple cancer types. 65 "ENTPD7", found in cancer tissues, is associated with glioblastoma cell proliferation. 66 Similar studies finding relevance between radiomics features and gene expression can be helpful to enhance cancer diagnosis, treatment, and research.…”

Section: Genetic Information For Btsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deriving and interpreting robust features for survival prediction of brain tumor patients

Rajput,

Kapdi,

Raval

et al. 2024

Int J Imaging Syst Tech

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Accurate prediction of survival days (SD) is vital for planning treatments in glioma patients, as type‐IV tumors typically have a poor prognosis and meager survival rates. SD prediction is challenging and heavily dependent on the extracted feature sets. Additionally, comprehending the behavior of complex machine learning models is a vital yet challenging aspect, particularly to integrate such models into the medical domain responsibly. Therefore, this study develops a robust feature set and an ensemble‐based regressor model to predict patients' SD accurately. We aim to understand how these features behave and contribute to predicting SD. To accomplish this, we employed post‐hoc interpretable techniques, precisely Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), Partial Dependence Plots (PDP), and Accumulated Local Effects (ALE) plots. Furthermore, we introduced an investigation to establish a direct connection between radiomic features and their biological significance to enhance the interpretability of radiomic features. The best SD scores on the BraTS2020 training set are 0.504 for accuracy, 59927.38 mean squared error (MSE), 20101.86 median squared error (medianSE), and 0.725 Spearman ranking coefficient (SRC). The validation set's accuracy is 0.586, MSE is 76529.43, medianSE is 41402.78, and SRC is 0.52. The proposed predictor model exhibited superior performance compared with leading contemporary approaches across multiple performance metrics.

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“…CART signaling has been shown to activate ERK signaling in different studies. [46][47][48][49] To further validate the effectiveness of rhCART treatment on human aortic primary SMCs, we treated the cells with rhCART for 24 hours and performed Western blots. Immunoblots revealed a robust elevation in p-ERK levels following rhCART treatment (Figure 4D).…”

Section: Human Cart Promotes the Expression Of Osteochondrogenic Tran...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Molecule Spatial Transcriptomics of Human Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms Uncovers Calcification-Related CARTPT -Expressing Smooth Muscle Cells

Mizrak,

Zhao,

Feng

et al. 2023

ATVB

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Background: Although single-cell RNA-sequencing is commonly applied to dissect the heterogeneity in human tissues, it involves the preparation of single-cell suspensions via cell dissociation, causing loss of spatial information. In this study, we employed high-resolution single-cell transcriptome imaging to reveal rare smooth muscle cell (SMC) types in human thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) tissue samples. Methods: Single-molecule spatial distribution of transcripts from 140 genes was analyzed in fresh-frozen human TAA samples with region and sex-matched controls. In vitro studies and tissue staining were performed to examine human CART prepropeptide ( CARTPT ) regulation and function. Results: We captured thousands of cells per sample including a spatially distinct CARTPT -expressing SMC subtype enriched in male TAA samples. Immunoassays confirmed human CART enrichment in male TAA tissue and truncated CARTPT secretion into cell culture medium. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein, a cardiovascular risk factor, induced CARTPT expression, whereas CARTPT overexpression in human aortic SMCs increased the expression of key osteochondrogenic transcription factors and reduced contractile gene expression. Recombinant human CART treatment of human SMCs further confirmed this phenotype. Alizarin red staining revealed calcium deposition in male TAA samples showing similar localization with human CART staining. Conclusions: Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of single-molecule imaging in uncovering rare SMC subtypes in the diseased human aorta, a difficult tissue to dissociate. We identified a spatially distinct CARTPT -expressing SMC subtype enriched in male human TAA samples. Our functional studies suggest that human CART promotes osteochondrogenic switch of aortic SMCs, potentially leading to medial calcification of the thoracic aorta.

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The Role of Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (CART) in Cancer: A Systematic Review

Cited by 5 publications

References 60 publications

Prospective Study on the Correlation between CART and Leptin Gene Expression, Obesity, and Reproductive Hormones in Individuals Undergoing Bariatric Surgery

Prospective Study on the Correlation between CART and Leptin Gene Expression, Obesity, and Reproductive Hormones in Individuals Undergoing Bariatric Surgery

Deriving and interpreting robust features for survival prediction of brain tumor patients

Single-Molecule Spatial Transcriptomics of Human Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms Uncovers Calcification-Related CARTPT -Expressing Smooth Muscle Cells

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