The role of clinical neuropsychology in the neurological diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

Spinnler, Hans; Sala, Sergio Della

doi:10.1007/bf00314172

Cited by 76 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…Patients were not included in the present study if they scored below 16 on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE; Folstein, Folstein, & McHugh, 1975). The patients were diagnosed as suffering from progressive cognitive deterioration due to possible or probable AD on the basis of formal criteria (Spinnler & Della Sala, 1988), which broadly correspond to those proposed by NINCDS-ADRDA (McKhann et al, 1984). All the patients fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in research studies as set forth by the Medical Research Council's Alzheimer Disease Workshop Steering Committee (Wilcock et al, 1989).…”

Section: Experiments 1 Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective and retrospective memory in normal aging and dementia: An experimental study

et al. 2002

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Two experiments investigatedthe effects of normal aging and dementia on laboratory-basedprospective memory (PM) tasks. Participants viewed a film for a later recognition memory task. In Experiment 1, they were also required either to say "animal" when an animal appeared in the film (event-based PM task) or to stop a clock every 3 min (time-based PM task). In both tasks, young participants were more successful than older participants, who were, in turn, more successful than patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). For successful remembering in the time-based task, older participants and AD patients checked the clock more often than did young participants. In Experiment 2, participants were asked to reset a clock either when an animal appeared in the film (unrelated cue-action) or when a clock appeared in the film (related cue-action). Responses were faster in the related condition than in the unrelated condition. Again, there were differences in PM performance between young and older participants, and between older participants and AD patients. The observed deficits were not due to the forgetting of the PM task instructions in either experiment. Retrospective memory (RM) tasks (digit span, sentence span, free recall, and recognition) were more impaired by AD than were the PM tasks. Factor analysis revealed separate factors corresponding to RM and PM.

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Section: Experiments 1 Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective and retrospective memory in normal aging and dementia: An experimental study

et al. 2002

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“…Any meaningful comparison of neuropsychological profiles must ensure that each cognitive domain be assessed on an equivalent scale. Spinnler and Della Sala [12], the first to address this issue, developed a procedure for comparing performance across tests by deriving 'grade' scores (a 5-point scale) by reference to the percentile distribution of scores of a standardisation sample. Fox et al [13] extended this methodology to derive an overall measure of severity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological profiles of familial Alzheimer's disease associated with mutations in the presenilin 1 and amyloid precursor protein genes

Warrington

Agnew

Kennedy

et al. 2001

Journal of Neurology

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Patients with familial Alzheimer's disease and a subset known to have presenilin mutations were compared with sporadic cases on a comprehensive battery of cognitive tests. These included measures of memory, intelligence, language and perception. The three groups were very comparable, in terms of severity, on global measures of dementia. However, their profiles/patterns of cognitive impairment differed in two respects; the group with sporadic Alzheimer's disease were significantly more impaired on tests of object naming and object perception than either the group with familial Alzheimer's disease or group with familial Alzheimer's disease and presenilin mutations, yet they scored at a significantly higher level on the measure of verbal intelligence. This study provides further evidence of the heterogeneity of the disease process.

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“…The choice of 5 points was arbitra ry; T , '2' and '3' are intermediate scores between '0' and '4' on a quasi-interval scale calculated with refer ence to the normal distribution. The 'equivalent-score system' made it possible to obtain a standardized mea sure of an individual's ability and allowed us to com pare performances across all tests, irrespective of dif ferences arising from variations in test difficulty [12,13], All three scores (raw, adjusted, and equivalent) were reported on the forms given to the raters. Table 1 shows the number of patients who underwent these tests and the distribution of equivalent scores, grouped according to the type of test.…”

Section: Neuropsychological Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agreement in the Clinical Diagnosis of Dementia: Evaluation of a Case Series with Mild Cognitive Impairment

et al. 1994

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Interobserver agreement in the clinical diagnosis of dementia among four neurologists was evaluated. The physicians, masked to the original diagnoses, independently reviewed the clinical records of 50 outpatients consulting either the 1st University Neurology Department of Milan or the Neuropsychology Unit of the Medical Center of Veruno (Novara) for suspected cognitive impairment, during a 6-month period. The records contained patients'' medical and neurological history, results of neuropsychological testing, laboratory tests, cerebral computed tomography and other investigations. For each patient, the raters had to provide both a diagnosis concerning the presence or absence of dementia and to assign an analytical diagnosis to all the dementia cases. The ĸstatistic was used as a measure of interrater reliability. The level of agreement on the primary diagnosis of dementia was moderate Κ= 0.49); with respect to the nosological diagnoses, the ĸvalues ranged from 0.16 for depression to 0.80 for multi-infarct dementia.

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The role of clinical neuropsychology in the neurological diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

Cited by 76 publications

References 156 publications

Prospective and retrospective memory in normal aging and dementia: An experimental study

Prospective and retrospective memory in normal aging and dementia: An experimental study

Neuropsychological profiles of familial Alzheimer's disease associated with mutations in the presenilin 1 and amyloid precursor protein genes

Agreement in the Clinical Diagnosis of Dementia: Evaluation of a Case Series with Mild Cognitive Impairment

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