The role of chronic acanthosis and subacute inflammation in tumor promotion in CD-1 mice by petroleum middle distillates

Skisak, Christopher M.

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(91)90003-w

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Model justification. Compared to other animal models, CD-1 mice were found to be highly susceptible to induction of cutaneous inflammation following exposure to croton oil (4,10), lipopolysaccharide (11), 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (12), and petroleum distillates (13). High levels of inflammation were found when compounds were applied topically or administered as dietary component (14)(15)(16)(17).…”

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Antagonism of croton oil inflammation by topical emu oil in CD‐1 mice

Yoganathan

Nicolosi

Wilson

et al. 2003

Lipids

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Emu oil is derived from the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae), which originated in Australia, and has been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammation was induced in anesthetized CD-1 mice by applying 50 microL of 2% croton oil to the inner surface of the left ear. After 2 h, the area was treated with 5 microL of emu, fish, flaxseed, olive, or liquified chicken fat, or left untreated. Animals were euthanized at 6 h postapplication of different oils, and earplugs (EP) and plasma samples were collected. Inflammation was evaluated by change in earlobe thickness, increase in weight of EP tissue (compared to the untreated ear), and induction in cytokines interleukin (IL)-1alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in EP homogenates. Although reductions relative to control (croton oil) were noted for all treatments, auricular thickness and EP weights were significantly reduced (-72 and -71%, respectively) only in the emu oil-treated group. IL-1alpha levels in homogenates of auricular tissue were significantly reduced in the fish oil (-57%) and emu oil (-70%) groups relative to the control group. The cytokine TNF-alpha from auricular homogenates was significantly reduced in the olive oil (-52%) and emu oil (-60%) treatment groups relative to the control group. Plasma cytokine levels were not changed by croton oil treatment. Although auricular thickness and weight were significantly correlated with each other (r = 0.780, P < 0.003), auricular thickness but not weight was significantly correlated with cytokine IL-alpha (r = 0.750, P < 0.006) and TNF-alpha (r = 0.690, P < 0.02). These studies indicate that topical emu oil has anti-inflammatory properties in the CD-1 mouse that are associated with decreased auricular thickness and weight, and with the cytokines IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha.

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Antagonism of croton oil inflammation by topical emu oil in CD‐1 mice

Yoganathan

Nicolosi

Wilson

et al. 2003

Lipids

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“…Recent papers (Gerhart et al, 1988;Skisak, 1991;Skisak et al, 1994) have reported on the results of initiation/ promotion studies on middle distillates. In these investigations, middle distillates resulting from various treatments have been consistently shown to be tumor promoters and not tumor initiators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Witschi et al (1987) and Biles et al (1988) exposed mice chronically to petroleum middle distillates with boiling ranges between 140 and 370°C and found them to be carcinogenic but of relatively weak potency. Initiation/promotion experiments were carried out on middle distillates by Gerhart et al (1988), McKee et al (1989), Skisak (1991), and Skisak et al (1994). All these authors reported that the middle distillates acted as promoters rather than initiators of carcinogenesis.…”

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Chronic Dermal Studies of Petroleum Streams in Mice

Broddle

DENNIS²,

KITCHEN³

1996

Toxicol Sci

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The refining processes include, among others, distillation to yield fractions of differing boiling ranges, alkylation to During petroleum refining, a large number of products are genproduce branched-chain saturated hydrocarbons from lowerated which have varying chemical and physical properties. These molecular-weight unsaturated compounds, reforming to proare known in the industry as petroleum streams. In order to charvide aromatic hydrocarbons, catalytic cracking to create acterize their carcinogenic activity, a number of these commercially produced streams were administered to C3H/HeJ mice in more volatile streams from less volatiles ones, hydrotreatchronic dermal bioassays. The bioassays were conducted using one ment to obtain saturated hydrocarbons from unsaturated of two study designs: the first set of test materials was applied for streams, and solvent refining to remove polynuclear aromatic a lifetime and the second set for 24 months. In the lifetime study, hydrocarbons (PNAs) from lubricating base oil streams. The the last mice in the test groups survived for periods of 31 to 32 involvement of the API was preceded by reports of human months. Middle distillates, boiling in the range 115-390ЊC, were cancer, especially scrotal cancer, associated with exposure to found to decrease the lifespan of exposed mice compared to con-''mineral oils' ' (Bell, 1876; Cruickshank and Squire, 1950; trols or streams of higher and lower boiling ranges. These middle Henry, 1946Henry, , 1947 Lione and Denholm, 1959; Volkmann, distillate streams included straight run kerosine, hydrodesulfur-1875; Waterhouse, 1971). Although the most potent of these ized middle distillate, straight run middle distillate, light catalytic mineral oils were derived from coal tar (Kennaway, 1934) cracked distillate, and 90/10% and 70/30% mixtures of the last and shale oil (Leitch, 1922), animal tests (Twort and Twort, two. The middle distillate streams also proved to be active as carcinogens, with tumor incidence ranging from 16 to 67%. Light 1931) confirmed that some petroleum oils were also active. alkylate naphtha, heavy catalytic reformed naphtha, vacuum re-Twort and Twort (1939) identified some of the active comsiduum, and unleaded gasoline did not demonstrate significant pounds in petroleum-derived mineral oils as PNAs of characcarcinogenic potency. Heavy thermal cracked naphtha, heavy cat-teristic molecular weight and structure. Bingham and Horton alytic cracked naphtha, and hydrotreated light naphthenic distil- (1966) demonstrated that processing history is a critical delate were dermal carcinogens of low potency in this study. Admin-terminant of carcinogenic activity in mineral oils and that istration of light catalytic cracked naphtha led to a low incidence those processing steps which might be expected to reduce of very late developing tumors with a mean latency of 118 weeks.or eliminate PNAs also reduced or eliminated carcinogenic Application of the 0.1% solution of catalytic cracked clarified oil activity. Roy et al. (1988) repo...

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“…In animal models, the systemic effects of JP-8 are often broad, consistently substantial, and statistically significant. Studies that examined the effect of exposure to petroleum middle distillates (e.g., kerosene, the major constituent of jet fuel) have documented reversible variation in hematologic profile, significant decreases in relative weight of thymus, spleen, and abdominal lymph nodes and altered histology [3] as well as liver, spleen, thymus, kidney, adrenal, and lymph node lesions [4], and subacute inflammation and nongenotoxic tumorigenicity in mice [5,6]. We recently reported significant alterations in the pattern of protein expression in mouse lung tissue in response to aerosolized JP-8 jet fuel exposure under simulated occupational conditions [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%