The Role of Chlamydia pneumoniae in the Etiology of Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS)

J, Krásný; Hrubá, D; Netuková, Magdaléna

doi:10.2174/1872213x08666141113154814

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…43 However, Krasny et al noted that patients who were successfully treated for chronic follicular conjunctivitis due to Chlamydia infection demonstrated improvement in their dry eye condition, 44 suggesting that, in some instances, ocular surface infection can predispose to dry eye rather than the dry eye predisposing a patient to infections. Several studies indicate that patients with dry eye-associated systemic autoimmune diseases, such as SS, RA, and ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, have an increased risk for sterile, but not infectious, corneal ulceration.…”

Section: Dry Eye Ocular Surface Inflammation and Corneal Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry Eye Disease and Microbial Keratitis: Is There a Connection?

Narayanan¹,

Redfern²,

Miller³

et al. 2013

The Ocular Surface

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Dry eye is a common ocular surface disease of multifactorial etiology characterized by elevated tear osmolality and inflammation leading to a disrupted ocular surface. The latter is a risk factor for ocular surface infection, yet overt infection is not commonly seen clinically in the typical dry eye patient. This suggests that important innate mechanisms operate to protect the dry eye from invading pathogens. This article reviews the current literature on epidemiology of ocular surface infection in dry eye patients and laboratory-based studies on innate immune mechanisms operating at the ocular surface and their alterations in human dry eye and animal models. The review highlights current understanding of innate immunity in dry eye and identifies gaps in our knowledge to help direct future studies to further unravel the complexities of dry eye disease and its sequelae.

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Section: Dry Eye Ocular Surface Inflammation and Corneal Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry Eye Disease and Microbial Keratitis: Is There a Connection?

Narayanan¹,

Redfern²,

Miller³

et al. 2013

The Ocular Surface

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“…Although viruses play a significant role in the pathogenesis of pSS, the importance of bacterial co-infections, e.g., Chlamydia pneumonia in the course of pSS should not be underestimated [16].…”

Section: Risk Of Eye Infections In Kcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Risk of Infection in Dry Eye Syndrome Accompanying Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome

Maślińska¹,

Kwiatkowska²

2016

Advances in Common Eye Infections

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Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease, which dominates the symptoms resulting from inflammatory infiltrates in exocrine glands. Frequently, patients complain of a feeling of sand under the eyelids, eye irritation, and red eye caused by a decrease in tear secretion. The ophthalmic examination beyond lowering the secretion of tears in Schirmer's test evaluation in cases with a significant intensification of dry eye disease (DED) can be visualized by measuring ocular staining score (OSS) using lissamine green and fluorescein staining. OSS can demonstrate the degree of damage to the corneal surface. It is known that keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in pSS is not only limited to the complaints of unpleasant feeling of sand under the eyelids but also can lead to serious corneal damage and decreased vision even to blindness. And between the others, complications of KCS in pSS must be replaced with an increased susceptibility to infection. We should also pay attention to possible co-infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) virus and bacterial co-infections, e.g., Chlamydia pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, or latent conjunctival infections Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum in group of patients with DED, not only in pSS group. Another issue is simultaneous with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection coexistance of clinical and laboratory features of Sjogrens syndrome and accompanying this situation clinical signs of KCS. To sum up symptoms of KCS in primary Sjögren's syndrome and in all patients with DED should be evaluated individually and should take into account the increased risk of infection among these patients.

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