The role of chemical weathering in the neutralization of acidic deposition

Schnoor, Jerald L.; Stumm, Werner

doi:10.1007/bf02560197

Cited by 73 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…At the ELW, the hydrologic residence time of water during snowpack runoff is on the order of hours to days. Mineral weathering of silica is commonly on the order of months to years (Schnoor and Stumm 1986) and is not sufficiently rapid to account for the high proportion of kaolinite to gibbsite wcathering during snowpack runoff indicated by our stoichiometric weathering model (Fig. 8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Geochemical and hydrologic controls on the composition of surface water in a high‐elevation basin. Sierra Nevada, California

Williams

Brown

Mélack³

1993

Limnology & Oceanography

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Hydrologic, mineralogic, and soil data are used to determine the sources and geochemical controls on the composition of surface water in the Emerald Lake watershed (ELW), a high-altitude basin located in the southern Sierra Nevada. The solute composition of stream waters at the ELW can be divided into three periods: snowpack runoff, a transition period in summer as snowpack runoff decreases and little precipitation occurs, and a low-flow period from late summer through winter. Each period has different geochemical controls on the solute composition of surface waters. During snowpack runoff -50% of stream flow was from direct surface runoff and -50% of stream flow was return flow from subsurface reservoirs. Hydrologic residence time of subsurface water at maximum snowpack runoff was measured directly with a 6LiBr tracer and varied from 9 to 20 h. Three independent measurements show that the acidity in snowpack runoff was neutralized by cation exchange in soils and talus. Discharge from soil reservoirs was the primary source of stream flow during the summer transition period when the composition of stream flow was congruent with the stoichiometry of plagioclase weathering. Processes occurring below the soil zone exerted the dominant geochemical controls on the composition of stream waters during the period of low flow, with preferential weathering of the anorthite component of plagioclase in subsurface rock and further weathering of kaolinite to gibbsite.The composition of surface waters in montane areas that are underlain by crystalline bedrock has traditionally been interpreted as ' Current address:

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Geochemical and hydrologic controls on the composition of surface water in a high‐elevation basin. Sierra Nevada, California

Williams

Brown

Mélack³

1993

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…This supply of cationic elements makes weathering an important component of nutrient cycling since higher weathering rates decreases the demand on the cation exchange pool by plant uptake and leaching. Weathering is simulated according to the empirical equation [Schnoor and Stumm, 1986 …”

Section: Weatheringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of an integrated biogeochemical model (PnET‐BGC) at a northern hardwood forest ecosystem

Gbondo-Tugbawa¹,

Driscoll²,

Aber³

et al. 2001

Water Resources Research

110

128

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“…In L3, the same reactions are possible, together with surface complexation at the surfaces of Al and Fe oxides. Weathering inputs of major cations, metals and carbonate are described with the formulation of Schnoor and Stumm (1986), in which the rate is given by the product of a constant (k w ) and H + activity raised to the power n w . Values of n w for different solutes were taken from Stidson et al (2002), while values of k w (which includes the effects of mineral type and available surface area) are adjusted to match observations.…”

Section: Chum-ammentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Geochemical Models to Assess Deposition Impacts of Metals for Soils and Surface Waters

Groenenberg

Tipping

Bonten

et al. 2015

Environmental Pollution

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Elevated concentrations of heavy metals in natural soils and waters possibly deteriorate soil and water ecosystem functioning. In view of precautionary risk assessment, the concept of critical loads was developed for heavy metals, being the load below which selected receptors are protected at steady state, i.e. with inputs and outputs of metals being in equilibrium (see Chap. 7). Given the long times it takes for metal concentrations to reach steady state, the use of dynamic models should be considered to manage and evaluate the risks of metal loads in time ). Moreover, key processes determining the fate of metals are related to soil properties such as pH and the concentration of dissolved organic matter (DOM), both being subject to changes due to external factors such as land use change, climate change and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen. Dynamic models help to understand the complex interactions of processes due to such external factors and give insight into the timescales at which changes take effect.Metal transfers in ecosystems are complex, but by identifying and quantifying key processes it is possible to produce useful descriptions of metal behaviour in soils and catchments with models that can be driven with limited data. Here we describe three models, which aim to capture the key processes determining the fate of metals in natural ecosystems, differing in complexity, while keeping the data demand limited. Identified key factors for the fate of metals in soils are the pH and concentrations of soil-and dissolved organic matter (SOM, DOM), which are related to sorption of metals to reactive surfaces (organic matter, oxides, clay). The models discussed in this chapter all combine predictions of soil acidity and major soil solution chemistry with heavy metal behaviour.

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The role of chemical weathering in the neutralization of acidic deposition

Cited by 73 publications

References 62 publications

Geochemical and hydrologic controls on the composition of surface water in a high‐elevation basin. Sierra Nevada, California

Geochemical and hydrologic controls on the composition of surface water in a high‐elevation basin. Sierra Nevada, California

Evaluation of an integrated biogeochemical model (PnET‐BGC) at a northern hardwood forest ecosystem

Dynamic Geochemical Models to Assess Deposition Impacts of Metals for Soils and Surface Waters

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