Long term variations of dissolved chemical concentrations, including pollutants, in water have been evaluated for the first time for the major rivers of the European North and Siberia. Pollutants, being transported by streams and responsible for the deterioration of the ecosystem state of the rivers of Northern Dvina, Pechora, Ob, Yenisei, Lena, and Kolyma, are identified. Assessing pollutant transport by large rivers is of importance for the evaluation of the possible pollutant discharge into the coastal zones of Arctic seas.