The role of cervical muscles in mitigating concussion

Eckersley, Christopher P.; Nightingale, Roger W.; Luck, Jason F.; Bass, Cameron R.

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2019.01.009

Cited by 11 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…These results suggest that bracing the head and neck in anticipation of an impact would help improve dynamic stabilisation of the head, which could help reduce concussion risk. In contrast to these results, Eckersley et al [52] failed to demonstrate a protective anticipatory effect on head accelerations. Specifically, this comprehensive study assessed 192 simulations including four head impact conditions across eight impact sites and four activation conditions and compared three head and neck models.…”

Section: Effect Of Anticipation On Head Accelerationmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Specifically, this comprehensive study assessed 192 simulations including four head impact conditions across eight impact sites and four activation conditions and compared three head and neck models. Their results indicated that anticipatory muscle activity did not reduce rotational head accelerations [52]. Surprisingly, the simulations with maximally activated neck musculature elicited greater head accelerations than the 'relaxed' condition, which had the minimal level of activation necessary to support the head.…”

Section: Effect Of Anticipation On Head Accelerationmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Seven studies were identified that investigated the effects of anticipating a direct impact on head accelerations (Table 1). Two studies calculated head accelerations using computational modelling [51,52], while five studies were [30,[47][48][49][50]. In the in vivo studies, one methodology was strictly laboratory-based, two adopted sport-specific protocols involving typical training drills and two analysed head accelerations of concussioninducing impacts during game play.…”

Section: Effect Of Anticipation On Head Accelerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Anticipation and Visual and Sensory Performance on Concussion Risk in Sport: A Review

et al. 2020

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Sports-related concussions pose a significant public health concern, and preventative measures are needed to help reduce risk in sport. Vision training could be a suitable prevention strategy for sports-related concussion to help improve athletes’ abilities to scan the visual field for oncoming objects or opponents and thus anticipate head impacts. By accurately anticipating impacts, athletes can prepare for impact or attempt to avoid the collision altogether. The purpose of this review is to explore the relationships between anticipation, visual and sensorimotor performance and head accelerations, as well as to examine the efficacy of vision training programmes in reducing concussion risk in sport. Anticipation of head impacts has been shown to help reduce linear and rotational head accelerations, particularly for mild-to-moderate severity head impacts, but less so for severe head impacts. There is conflicting evidence regarding the influences visual and sensorimotor performance and oculomotor behaviour have on concussion risk. However, preliminary research indicates vision training may help reduce concussion rates in collegiate American Football players. Therefore, this promising area of research warrants further investigation, particularly the role of anticipation and visual and sensory performance on reducing concussion risk in non-helmeted contact sports.

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Section: Effect Of Anticipation On Head Accelerationmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Effect Of Anticipation On Head Accelerationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Effect Of Anticipation On Head Accelerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Anticipation and Visual and Sensory Performance on Concussion Risk in Sport: A Review

et al. 2020

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“…Similarly, Eckner et al (2014) showed that athletes with greater neck strength reduced the magnitude of the kinematic response to impulsive loads (Eckner, Oh, Joshi, Richardson, & Ashton-Miller, 2014). However, other researchers using a head and neck model in lab experiments have reported that increased cervical muscle force does not influence short term head kinematics (Eckersley, Nightingale, Luck, & Bass, 2019).…”

Section: Jses Issn: 2703-240xmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…While the effect of neck strengthening exercises on concussion in sportspeople is controversial (Collins et al, 2014;Eckersley et al, 2019), the effect of such training on reduction in neck pain and injury is more consistent. Training the cervical muscles and deep neck flexors has a beneficial effect on the incidence of neck pain (Äng et al, 2009) and injury (Salmon et al, 2011).…”

Section: 90mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a 6-week exercise intervention for improved neck muscle strength in amateur male rugby union players.

2020

JSES

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Neck strengthening for players in impact sports like rugby is receiving greater attention lately due to postulated associations with head and neck injury and concussion and while research is available on the effectiveness of neck strengthening interventions on professional rugby players, the same research has not been conducted on amateurs who make up the majority of rugby players. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a 6-week neck strengthening intervention on a group of male amateur rugby union players (20.1 ± 2.0 yr, mean ± SD). In a randomized controlled trial, players worked with their trainer to practice neck-specific strengthening exercises 3 times per week for 6 weeks (strength group, n = 22) or performed no additional neck strengthening exercises (control group, n =17). Isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was measured pre and post the intervention in 4 different directions (flexion, extension, left and right lateral flexion). Compared to the control group the strength group improved neck strength in all directions except flexion (flexion 7.1 ± 13.0 kg, mean ± SD, 75/18/7%, chances of positive/trivial/negative increase in strength, p = 0.28; extension 13.5 ± 14.6 kg, 92/7/1%, p = 0.07; left lateral flexion 13.5 ± 11.3 kg, 97/3/0%, p = 0.02; right lateral flexion 13.8 ± 14.9 kg, 92/7/1%, p = 0.07. Our results indicate that a simple 6-week neck strengthening program improves isometric MVC strength in male amateur rugby players.

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Die Gehirnerschütterung

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The role of cervical muscles in mitigating concussion

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

The Effects of Anticipation and Visual and Sensory Performance on Concussion Risk in Sport: A Review

The Effects of Anticipation and Visual and Sensory Performance on Concussion Risk in Sport: A Review

Effect of a 6-week exercise intervention for improved neck muscle strength in amateur male rugby union players.

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