The role of causal inference in health services research I: tasks in health services research

The role of causal inference in health services research II: a framework for causal inference

“…We introduced counterfactuals as hypothetical outcomes which are actually not observed in a real-world setting (Hernán 2004). We used an example of a HM, where we were interested in the causal question whether a HM reduces hospital readmissions (Moser et al 2020). To answer this question, we need to define a causal effect, a statistical measure which relates probabilities of hospital readmissions when (1) every patient is treated under the situation of a HM versus (2) the HM would not have been implemented.…”

“…In a previous Hints and Kinks, we discussed the role of causal inference in tasks of health services research (HSR) using examples from health system interventions (Moser et al 2020). In the present Hints and Kinks, we more formally introduce a principled framework for causal inference.…”

Approach to Human-Centered, Evidence-Driven Adaptive Design (AHEAD) for Health Care Interventions: a Proposed Framework

“…Developed in response to complexities in modern healthcare settings, HSR utilizes qualitative and quantitative methods to improve and evaluate care delivery in multidisciplinary healthcare fields and considers psychosocial factors, access, cost, quality, and health outcomes 8,9 to test interventions. Recognized ways to deal with complexity and human uncertainty in HSR include consideration of concepts like causal inference, 10,11 treatment effect heterogeneity, 12,13 and regression to the mean. 14 Theoretical frameworks, particularly those from implementation science, [15][16][17] guide delivery and evaluation of interventions.…”

Versorgungsforschung in der Schweiz: Wohin fhrt der Weg

“…Dies ist auch bei der Versor gungsforschung der Fall. Überraschenderweise gibt es wenig Konsens darüber, wie kausale Fragen und deren Beantwortung in die Aufgaben der Versorgungsfor schung integriert werden können [9].…”