The role of cattle in the volatile loss of nitrogen from a shortgrass steppe

Schimel, David; Parton, William J.; Adamsen, F. J.; Woodmansee, R. G.; Senft, R.L.; Stillwell, M. A.

doi:10.1007/bf02186964

Cited by 117 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Topography affects soil moisture and soil texture, two of the primary controls on SOM pools, and turnover in the intact shortgrass steppe ecosystem (Burke et al, 1999;Hook and Burke, 1995;Mosier et al, 1996;Schimel et al, 1985;Schimel et al, 1986). Previous studies of shorter duration have shown differences in N retention between topographic positions ( Delgado et al, 1996), but we found no differences in N retention between topographic positions or POM fractions on native grassland after 15 yr, indicating that the environmental factors that control N pools and shorter-term N dynamics may not regulate longer-term N retention.…”

Section: Ecological Implicationscontrasting

confidence: 61%

Grazing and No-Till Cropping Impacts on Nitrogen Retention in Dryland Agroecosystems

et al. 2014

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As the world's population increases, marginal lands such as drylands are likely to become more important for food production. One proven strategy for improving crop production in drylands involves shifting from conventional tillage to no-till to increase water use efficiency, especially when this shift is coupled with more intensive crop rotations. Practices such as notill that reduce soil disturbance and increase crop residues may promote C and N storage in soil organic matter, thus promoting N retention and reducing N losses. By sampling soils 15 yr after a 15 N tracer addition, this study compared long-term soil N retention across several agricultural management strategies in current and converted shortgrass steppe ecosystems: grazed and ungrazed native grassland, occasionally mowed planted perennial grassland, and three cropping intensities of no-till dryland cropping. We also examined effects of the environmental variables site location and topography on N retention. Overall, the long-term soil N retention of >18% in these managed semiarid ecosystems was high compared with published values for other cropped or grassland ecosystems. Cropping practices strongly influenced long-term N retention, with planted perennial grass systems retaining >90% of 15 N in soil compared with 30% for croplands. Grazing management, topography, and site location had smaller effects on long-term N retention. Estimated 15-yr N losses were low for intact and cropped systems. This work suggests that semiarid perennial grass ecosystems are highly N retentive and that increased intensity of semiarid land management can increase the amount of protein harvested without increasing N losses.

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Section: Ecological Implicationscontrasting

confidence: 61%

Grazing and No-Till Cropping Impacts on Nitrogen Retention in Dryland Agroecosystems

et al. 2014

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“…The correlations between respiration and net N mineralization in the previous works are summarized as follows. In an N-limited soil, negative correlations between respiration and net N mineralization were observed (Staaf and Berg, 1977;Kowalenko et al, 1978;Foster et al, 1980;Johnson et al, 1980;Nömmik and Möller, 1981;Bosatta and Berendse, 1984;Schimel, 1986). Positive correlations were detected on soils limited by C availability or supplied with labile C (Bosatta and Berendse, 1984;Schimel et al, 1986;Gao et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an N-limited soil, negative correlations between respiration and net N mineralization were observed (Staaf and Berg, 1977;Kowalenko et al, 1978;Foster et al, 1980;Johnson et al, 1980;Nömmik and Möller, 1981;Bosatta and Berendse, 1984;Schimel, 1986). Positive correlations were detected on soils limited by C availability or supplied with labile C (Bosatta and Berendse, 1984;Schimel et al, 1986;Gao et al, 2009). No correlations were observed on soils with great variability in soil C:N ratios during decomposition (Hart et al, 1994;Trinsoutrot et al, 2000;Jensen et al, 2005;Luxhøi et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation Between CO2 Efflux and Net Nitrogen Mineralization and Its Response to External C or N Supply in an Alpine Meadow Soil

Song

Jiang

et al. 2011

Pedosphere

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“…Research efforts into grassland ecosystems are substantial [1][2][3][4], given that grasslands are the potential vegetation covering approximately 36% of the earth's surface [5], and one of the largest vegetative provinces in North America [6]. Along with fire and climate, herbivore grazing plays a central role in altering the structure and function of grassland ecosystems [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Canopy Nitrogen Content in a Heterogeneous Grassland with Varying Fire and Grazing Treatments: Konza Prairie, Kansas, USA

et al. 2014

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Quantitative, spatially explicit estimates of canopy nitrogen are essential for understanding the structure and function of natural and managed ecosystems. Methods for extracting nitrogen estimates via hyperspectral remote sensing have been an active area of research. Much of this research has been conducted either in the laboratory, or in relatively uniform canopies such as crops. Efforts to assess the feasibility of the use of hyperspectral analysis in heterogeneous canopies with diverse plant species and canopy structures have been less extensive. In this study, we use in situ and aircraft hyperspectral data to assess several empirical methods for extracting canopy nitrogen from a tallgrass prairie with varying fire and grazing treatments. The remote sensing data were collected four times between May and September in 2011, and were then coupled with the field-measured leaf nitrogen levels for empirical modeling of canopy nitrogen content based on first derivatives, continuum-removed reflectance and ratio-based indices in the 562-600 nm range. Results indicated that the best-performing model type varied between in situ and aircraft data in different months. However, models from the pooled samples over the growing season with acceptable accuracy suggested that these methods are robust with respect to canopy heterogeneity across spatial and temporal scales.

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The role of cattle in the volatile loss of nitrogen from a shortgrass steppe

Cited by 117 publications

References 20 publications

Grazing and No-Till Cropping Impacts on Nitrogen Retention in Dryland Agroecosystems

Grazing and No-Till Cropping Impacts on Nitrogen Retention in Dryland Agroecosystems

Correlation Between CO2 Efflux and Net Nitrogen Mineralization and Its Response to External C or N Supply in an Alpine Meadow Soil

Estimating Canopy Nitrogen Content in a Heterogeneous Grassland with Varying Fire and Grazing Treatments: Konza Prairie, Kansas, USA

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