The role of carotenoids in preventing oxidative damage in the pigmented yeast, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa

Moore, Margo M.; Breedveld, M.W.; Autor, Anne P.

doi:10.1016/0003-9861(89)90524-9

Cited by 72 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…(Johnson & Lewis, 1979). The sensitivity to duroquinone, a redox-cycling quinone that generates intracellular 0,- (Moore et al, 1989), was determined in actively growing (2 d) and mature (5 d) cultures. Two-d-old cultures were quite sensitive to DQ, while 5-d-old cultures were more resistant (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This indicated a lack of Cu/Zn-SOD (CN--sensitive) and Fe-SOD (H,O,-sensitive) and the presence of only Mn-SOD (insensitive to H,O, and CN-) Multiple bands of activity were observed, possibly indicating aggregates or isozymes of Mn-SOD in P. rhodozyma. Since it has been reported that Mn-SOD is present only in the mitochondria (Moore et al, 1989), carotenoids may be important in protecting against extramitochondrial oxidative stress. The related carotenogenic yeast, Rhodotorula muci- laginosa, also has been reported to contain only Mn-SOD (Moore et al, 1989).…”

Section: Superoxide Dismutase (Sod) Activity In P Rhodozymamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antioxidant role of carotenoids in Phaffia rhodozyma

Schroeder

Johnson²

1993

Journal of General Microbiology

102

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The role of carotenoids in protecting the yeast Phafia rhodozyma against reactive oxygen species was studied. Addition of the 0,--generator duroquinone (DQ) to yeast-malt broth increased total carotenoid content as well as the relative amounts of xanthophylls present, while the reactive oxygen scavenger mannitol reversed this effect. Resistance to DQ increased in the stationary phase, particularly in the carotenoid-hyperproducing strain studied. Assay of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in P. rhodozyma indicated the presence of Mn-SOD and the complete absence of Fe-SOD and Cu/Zn-SOD. Catalase activity in P. rhodozyma was significantly lower than in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, particularly in stationary cultures. In young cells, H202 resistance was directly related to carotenoid levels, and selection of cultures based on peroxide resistance resulted in slightly increased carotenoid production. These results indicate that carotenoids play an antioxidant role during ageing in P. rhodozyma.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Superoxide Dismutase (Sod) Activity In P Rhodozymamentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant role of carotenoids in Phaffia rhodozyma

Schroeder

Johnson²

1993

Journal of General Microbiology

102

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“…Although the destructive capacity of UV light is widely appreciated, photons of visible light can be deleterious, e.g., by destroying cytochromes and thus affecting cellular respiration (1) or by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause damage to DNA, membranes, and other cellular components (2). To cope with the damaging effects of light, organisms have evolved different strategies ranging from the expression of shielding pigments, such as melanin and carotenoids (3), to active mechanisms that sense light and respond quickly to mitigate/repair damage, such as iris constriction to protect the retina (4,5), light-avoidance movements by chloroplasts and mitochondria (6,7), and the induction/activation of DNA photolyase (8). A third strategy to minimize damage from light is to anticipate and prepare for its effects through the use of cellular timing mechanisms such as a circadian clock (9).…”

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confidence: 99%

Visible light alters yeast metabolic rhythms by inhibiting respiration

Robertson

Davis

Johnson

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Exposure of cells to visible light in nature or in fluorescence microscopy often is considered to be relatively innocuous. However, using the yeast respiratory oscillation (YRO) as a sensitive measurement of metabolism, we find that non-UV visible light has a significant impact on yeast metabolism. Blue/green wavelengths of visible light shorten the period and dampen the amplitude of the YRO, which is an ultradian rhythm of cell metabolism and transcription. The wavelengths of light that have the greatest effect coincide with the peak absorption regions of cytochromes. Moreover, treating yeast with the electron transport inhibitor sodium azide has similar effects on the YRO as visible light. Because impairment of respiration by light would change several state variables believed to play vital roles in the YRO (e.g., oxygen tension and ATP levels), we tested oxygen's role in YRO stability and found that externally induced oxygen depletion can reset the phase of the oscillation, demonstrating that respiratory capacity plays a role in the oscillation's period and phase. Light-induced damage to the cytochromes also produces reactive oxygen species that up-regulate the oxidative stress response gene TRX2 that is involved in pathways that enable sustained growth in bright visible light. Therefore, visible light can modulate cellular rhythmicity and metabolism through unexpectedly photosensitive pathways.M any organisms are exposed to visible light in their environment. Full sunlight can deliver up to 10 quadrillion photons of visible light·cm −2 ·s −1 (i.e., 2,000 μEinsteins·m −2 ·s −1 ), and cloud cover reduces this exposure only by a factor of 10. Even though sunlight provides photosynthetic energy to plants and a medium for the vision of many animal species, its highintensity rays damage living cells when light-absorbing molecules cannot safely disperse the energy that photons bring. Although the destructive capacity of UV light is widely appreciated, photons of visible light can be deleterious, e.g., by destroying cytochromes and thus affecting cellular respiration (1) or by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause damage to DNA, membranes, and other cellular components (2). To cope with the damaging effects of light, organisms have evolved different strategies ranging from the expression of shielding pigments, such as melanin and carotenoids (3), to active mechanisms that sense light and respond quickly to mitigate/repair damage, such as iris constriction to protect the retina (4, 5), light-avoidance movements by chloroplasts and mitochondria (6, 7), and the induction/activation of DNA photolyase (8). A third strategy to minimize damage from light is to anticipate and prepare for its effects through the use of cellular timing mechanisms such as a circadian clock (9).The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacks the wellcharacterized photoreceptors of many other organisms [e.g., cryptochromes, phytochromes, and the photoreceptors whitecollar 1 (WC-1), and rhodopsins] that sense light intensity and spe...

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“…, normal and tumor thymocytes (Palozza et al, 1996), kidney fibroblasts (O'Connor and O'Brien, 1998), embryonic hippocampal cultures (Mitchell et al, 1999), embryo fibroblast (Zhang et al, 1991), ovary cells (Weitberg et al, 1985), primary cultures of chicken embryo fibroblasts (Lawlor and O'Brien, 1995;, leukemia HL-60 cells (Hiramoto et al, 1999), monocyte-macrophages (Carpenter et al, 1997;Levy et al, 1996), cultured Ito cells (Kim et al, 1997), LDL in different systems (Dugas et al ,1999;Jialal et al ,1991;Oshima et al,1996), Salmonella typhimurim (DeMejia et al, 1997), pigmented yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (Moore et al, 1989) and liver microcosms (Nakagawa et al, 1997;Vile and Winterbourn (1988). assembly.…”

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confidence: 99%