The role of carbon pore structure in tellurium/carbon cathodes for lithium-tellurium batteries

Amorphous Tellurium‐Embedded Hierarchical Porous Carbon Nanofibers as High‐Rate and Long‐Life Electrodes for Potassium‐Ion Batteries

“…Surprisingly, the rate capability of K-Te batteries based on the Te@HPCNFs electrode is much better than those of the reported alkali metal-Te batteries (Figure 3e). [7][8][9][10][11]16,23,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Before long cycling at the high rate, the initial activation process was conducted at 0.7C until the cell resistance remained with little change (Figure S11, Supporting Information). The Te@HPCNFs electrode exhibits a high capacity of 231.7 mAh g −1 Te after 4500 cycles at 7C (Figure 3f).…”

“…Surprisingly, the rate capability of K–Te batteries based on the Te@HPCNFs electrode is much better than those of the reported alkali metal–Te batteries (Figure 3e). [ 7–11,16,23,27–33 ]…”

“…g) Comparison of cycling performance with the reported alkali metal-Te batteries. Te/porous carbon (Te-G-CNT), [7] microporous carbon/Te (Te/C), [8] Te particles confined in N-doped carbon porous microspheres (Te@N-C), [16] Te nanowires/carbon nanotubes/reduced graphene oxide (TeNWs/CNTs/rGO), [11] Te/porous carbon nanorods (Te/Cp), [9] tellurium-infiltrated ordered mesoporous carbon CMK-3 (Te@CMK-3), [29] nanostructured Te@C composite (nano-Te@C), [27] tellurium@microporous carbon composite (Te@MPC), [28] Te-impregnated porous cobalt-doped carbon polyhedra (Te@C-Co-N), [10] 3D hierarchical rGO/ TeNWs, [30] Te/lignin-derived porous carbon after activation at 700 °C (Te/AC700), [31] rib-like hierarchical porous carbon/Te (RHPC/Te), [32] Te/porous carbons with micropores (ASAC25-Te and ASAC25-Te-W49), [23] and Te@CNT. [33] Te@HPCNFs electrode has the high values between 7.10 × 10 −13 and 4.04 × 10 −11 cm 2 s −1 (Figure 4d and Figure S17, Supporting Information), implying a superior K-ion diffusion behavior.…”

Lignin-Based Materials for Sustainable Rechargeable Batteries

“…However, the low electronic conductivity of chalcogen and polychalcogenides dissolution/shuttle cause low active material utilization and capacity retention [117][118][119][120]. Lignin can host chalcogen materials to facilitate electron transfer and suppress polychalcogenides dissolution/shuttle [121][122][123]. Carbonized lignin and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite layers could suppress polysulfides diffusion, improving S utilization and capacity retention [123].…”

“…LHPC can load large amount of Se because of heteroatom doping, high micropore volume, and large specific surface area. Similarly, carbonized lignin combined with Te could facilitate electron transfer and ion diffusion, and endure volume change [122]. The LHPC shows a three-dimensional (3D) porous structure (Figure 11b) and Se-infiltrated LHPC shows distributed Se into the S-and O-doped porous carbon.…”