The Role of Candida albicans Secreted Polysaccharides in Augmenting Streptococcus mutans Adherence and Mixed Biofilm Formation: In vitro and in vivo Studies

Khoury, Zaid H.; Vila, Taissa; Puthran, Taanya R; Sultan, Ahmed S.; Montelongo-Jauregui, Daniel; Melo, Mary Anne S.; Jabra‐Rizk, Mary Ann

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00307

Cited by 64 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…There is evidence to suggest that C. albicans -secreted polysaccharides promote S. mutans adhesion both in vitro and in vivo [ 73 ]. It would be of interest to investigate this synergism in future dual-species biofilms on dental polymers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Manufacturing Method on the Adhesion of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans to Oral Splint Resins

et al. 2021

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Microbial adhesion to oral splints may lead to oral diseases such as candidiasis, periodontitis or caries. The present in vitro study aimed to assess the effect of novel computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and conventional manufacturing on Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans adhesion to oral splint resins. Standardized specimens of four 3D-printed, two milled, one thermoformed and one pressed splint resin were assessed for surface roughness by widefield confocal microscopy and for surface free energy by contact angle measurements. Specimens were incubated with C. albicans or S. mutans for two hours; a luminometric ATP assay was performed for the quantification of fungal and bacterial adhesion. Both one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc testing and Pearson correlation analysis were performed (p < 0.05) in order to relate manufacturing methods, surface roughness and surface free energy to microbial adhesion. Three-dimensional printing and milling were associated with increased adhesion of C. albicans compared to conventional thermoforming and pressing, while the S. mutans adhesion was not affected. Surface roughness and surface free energy showed no significant correlation with microbial adhesion. Increased fungal adhesion to oral splints manufactured by 3D printing or milling may be relevant for medically compromised patients with an enhanced risk for developing candidiasis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Manufacturing Method on the Adhesion of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans to Oral Splint Resins

et al. 2021

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“…Consistent with this, S. mutans mutants lacking glucosyltransferase genes demonstrate reduced ability to form mixed species biofilms with C. albicans (Falsetta et al 2014;Hwang et al 2017; Figure 2(A)). The presence of both S. mutans and C. albicans in the oral microbiota significantly increases bacterial colonisation and supports the development of dental caries, suggesting that this interaction may be a pivotal factor in increasing the risk of disease (de Carvalho et al 2006;Khoury et al 2020). In addition to physical associations, streptococci excrete lactate that acts as a carbon source for C. albicans yeast growth (Ene et al 2012;Metwalli et al 2013).…”

Section: Microbial Synergism and Antagonism Within Mixed Species Biofilmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida albicans biofilms and polymicrobial interactions

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Ramage

et al. 2021

Critical Reviews in Microbiology

128

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Candida albicans is a common fungus of the human microbiota. While generally a harmless commensal in healthy individuals, several factors can lead to its overgrowth and cause a range of complications within the host, from localized superficial infections to systemic life-threatening disseminated candidiasis. A major virulence factor of C. albicans is its ability to form biofilms, a closely packed community of cells that can grow on both abiotic and biotic substrates, including implanted medical devices and mucosal surfaces. These biofilms are extremely hard to eradicate, are resistant to conventional antifungal treatment and are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, making biofilm-associated infections a major clinical challenge. Here, we review the current knowledge of the processes involved in C. albicans biofilm formation and development, including the central processes of adhesion, extracellular matrix production and the transcriptional network that regulates biofilm development. We also consider the advantages of the biofilm lifestyle and explore polymicrobial interactions within multispecies biofilms that are formed by C. albicans and selected microbial species.

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“…The biofilm matrix of C. albicans is composed of carbohydrates, such as β-glucans and mannan, as well as proteins, lipids, and extracellular DNA (eDNA) [ 12 ], and hexosamines, uronic acid, and phosphorus [ 13 ]. The Candida albicans biofilm matrix, especially the polysaccharides, contributes to co-aggregation of bacteria and protects bacterial cells against antibacterial agents [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Candida albicans biofilms also produce extracellular vesicles, whose cargo (polysaccharides and proteins) forms the biofilm matrix and confers drug tolerance [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungistatic Action of N-Acetylcysteine on Candida albicans Biofilms and Its Interaction with Antifungal Agents

et al. 2020

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Therapies targeted to fungal biofilms, mainly against the matrix, and therapies that do not induce microbial resistance are relevant. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a mucolytic agent, has shown antimicrobial action. This study evaluated the effect of NAC against fluconazole-susceptible (CaS) and -resistant (CaR) Candida albicans. The susceptibility of planktonic cultures to NAC, the effect of NAC on biofilms and their matrix, the interaction of NAC with antifungal agents, and confocal microscopy were evaluated. Data were analyzed descriptively and by the ANOVA/Welch and Tukey/Gomes–Howell tests. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of NAC was 25 mg/mL for both strains. NAC significantly reduced the viability of both fungal strains. Concentrations higher than the MIC (100 and 50 mg/mL) reduced the viability and the biomass. NAC at 12.5 mg/mL increased the fungal viability. NAC also reduced the soluble components of the biofilm matrix, and showed synergism with caspofungin against planktonic cultures of CaS, but not against biofilms. Confocal images demonstrated that NAC reduced the biofilm thickness and the fluorescence intensity of most fluorochromes used. High concentrations of NAC had similar fungistatic effects against both strains, while a low concentration showed the opposite result. The antibiofilm action of NAC was due to its fungistatic action.

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The Role of Candida albicans Secreted Polysaccharides in Augmenting Streptococcus mutans Adherence and Mixed Biofilm Formation: In vitro and in vivo Studies

Cited by 64 publications

References 73 publications

Influence of the Manufacturing Method on the Adhesion of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans to Oral Splint Resins

Influence of the Manufacturing Method on the Adhesion of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans to Oral Splint Resins

Candida albicans biofilms and polymicrobial interactions

Fungistatic Action of N-Acetylcysteine on Candida albicans Biofilms and Its Interaction with Antifungal Agents

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