The Role of Brown Adipose Tissue and Energy Metabolism in Mammalian Thermoregulation during the Perinatal Period

Bienboire-Frosini, Cécile; Wang, Dehua; Marcet-Rius, Míriam; Villanueva-García, Dina; Gazzano, Angelo; Domínguez-Oliva, Adriana; Olmos-Hernández, Adriana; Hernández-Ávalos, Ismael; Lezama-García, Karina; Verduzco-Mendoza, Antonio; Gómez-Prado, Jocelyn; Mota-Rojas, Daniel

doi:10.3390/ani13132173

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 214 publications

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“…In southern China, winter is characterized by low temperatures and high humidity, which can lead to hypothermia, one of the most common causes of mortality in neonatal southern goats [ 26 , 27 ]. Despite the milder winter in the south compared to the north, low temperatures are often overlooked, resulting in a high mortality rate in pre-weaning kids, as observed in Dazu black goats, as reported previously [ 5 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global gene expression profiling of perirenal brown adipose tissue whitening in goat kids reveals novel genes linked to adipose remodeling

Zhao,

Yang,

et al. 2024

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is known to be capable of non-shivering thermogenesis under cold stimulation, which is related to the mortality of animals. In the previous study, we observed that goat BAT is mainly located around the kidney at birth, and changes to white adipose tissue (WAT) in the perirenal adipose tissue of goats within one month after birth. However, the regulatory factors underlying this change is remain unclear. In this study, we systematically studied the perirenal adipose tissue of goat kids in histological, cytological, and accompanying molecular level changes from 0 to 28 d after birth. Results Our study found a higher mortality rate in winter-born goat kids, with goat birthing data statistics. Then we used thermal imaging revealing high temperature in goat hips at postnatal 0 d and gradually decrease during 28 d. This is consistent with the region of perirenal BAT deposition and highlights its critical role in energy expenditure and body temperature regulation in goat kids. Additionally, we found a series of changes of BAT during the first 28 d after birth, such as whitening, larger lipid droplets, decreased mitochondrial numbers, and down-regulation of key thermogenesis-related genes (UCP1, DIO2, UCP2, CIDEA, PPARGC1a, C/EBPb, and C/EBPa). Then, we used RNA-seq found specific marker genes for goat adipose tissue and identified 12 new marker genes for BAT and 10 new marker genes for WAT of goats. Furthermore, 12 candidate genes were found to potentially regulate goat BAT thermogenesis. The mechanism of the change of this biological phenomenon does not involve a large-scale death of brown adipocytes and subsequent proliferation of white adipocytes. While apoptosis may play a limited role, it is largely not critical in this transition process. Conclusions We concluded that perirenal BAT plays a crucial role in thermoregulation in newborn goat kids, with notable species differences in the expression of adipose tissue marker genes, and we highlighted some potential marker genes for goat BAT and WAT. Additionally, the change from BAT to WAT does not involve a large-scale death of brown adipocytes and subsequent proliferation of white adipocytes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global gene expression profiling of perirenal brown adipose tissue whitening in goat kids reveals novel genes linked to adipose remodeling

Zhao,

Yang,

et al. 2024

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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“…According to well-known thermogenic models, norepinephrine is released in brown and white adipose tissue when the hypothalamus detects hypothermia. This norepinephrine acts through β3-adrenergic receptors, promoting the expression of thermogenic genes and causing lipolysis in white adipocytes ( 99 , 100 ).…”

Section: Macrophages Regulate Adipocyte Energy Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular mechanism of macrophage-adipocyte crosstalk in maintaining energy homeostasis

Zhang,

Sun

2024

Front. Immunol.

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Interactions between macrophages and adipocytes in adipose tissue are critical for the regulation of energy metabolism and obesity. Macrophage polarization induced by cold or other stimulations can drive metabolic reprogramming of adipocytes, browning, and thermogenesis. Accordingly, investigating the roles of macrophages and adipocytes in the maintenance of energy homeostasis is critical for the development of novel therapeutic approaches specifically targeting macrophages in metabolic disorders such as obesity. Current review outlines macrophage polarization not only regulates the release of central nervous system and inflammatory factors, but controls mitochondrial function, and other factor that induce metabolic reprogramming of adipocytes and maintain energy homeostasis. We also emphasized on how the adipocytes conversely motivate the polarization of macrophage. Exploring the interactions between adipocytes and macrophages may provide new therapeutic strategies for the management of obesity-related metabolic diseases.

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“…Cold-induced non-shivering and diet-induced thermogenesis both proceed in the BAT where food energy is utilized for heat production. The uncoupling protein 1 ( Ucp1 ) hereby realizes heat production by uncoupling the mitochondrial respiration from the adenosine triphosphate synthesis [ 6 , 17 ]. Importantly, only heat that is produced by cold-induced non-shivering thermogenesis in BAT is utilized for the maintenance of body temperature [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, only heat that is produced by cold-induced non-shivering thermogenesis in BAT is utilized for the maintenance of body temperature [ 16 ]. A key mechanism for cool adaptation in mice entails an increased turnover in adipose depots, in particular the activation of BAT [ 5 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction in Cold Stress in an Innovative Metabolic Cage Housing System Increases Animal Welfare in Laboratory Mice

Wittek,

Touma,

Nitezki

et al. 2023

Animals

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Housing in metabolic cages can induce a pronounced stress response. Metabolic cage systems imply housing mice on metal wire mesh for the collection of urine and feces in addition to monitoring food and water intake. Moreover, mice are single-housed, and no nesting, bedding, or enrichment material is provided, which is often argued to have a not negligible impact on animal welfare due to cold stress. We therefore attempted to reduce stress during metabolic cage housing for mice by comparing an innovative metabolic cage (IMC) with a commercially available metabolic cage from Tecniplast GmbH (TMC) and a control cage. Substantial refinement measures were incorporated into the IMC cage design. In the frame of a multifactorial approach for severity assessment, parameters such as body weight, body composition, food intake, cage and body surface temperature (thermal imaging), mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT), fur score, and fecal corticosterone metabolites (CMs) were included. Female and male C57BL/6J mice were single-housed for 24 h in either conventional Macrolon cages (control), IMC, or TMC for two sessions. Body weight decreased less in the IMC (females—1st restraint: −6.94%; 2nd restraint: −6.89%; males—1st restraint: −8.08%; 2nd restraint: −5.82%) compared to the TMC (females—1st restraint: −13.2%; 2nd restraint: −15.0%; males—1st restraint: −13.1%; 2nd restraint: −14.9%) and the IMC possessed a higher cage temperature (females—1st restraint: 23.7 °C; 2nd restraint: 23.5 °C; males—1st restraint: 23.3 °C; 2nd restraint: 23.5 °C) compared with the TMC (females—1st restraint: 22.4 °C; 2nd restraint: 22.5 °C; males—1st restraint: 22.6 °C; 2nd restraint: 22.4 °C). The concentration of fecal corticosterone metabolites in the TMC (females—1st restraint: 1376 ng/g dry weight (DW); 2nd restraint: 2098 ng/g DW; males—1st restraint: 1030 ng/g DW; 2nd restraint: 1163 ng/g DW) was higher compared to control cage housing (females—1st restraint: 640 ng/g DW; 2nd restraint: 941 ng/g DW; males—1st restraint: 504 ng/g DW; 2nd restraint: 537 ng/g DW). Our results show the stress potential induced by metabolic cage restraint that is markedly influenced by the lower housing temperature. The IMC represents a first attempt to target cold stress reduction during metabolic cage application thereby producing more animal welfare friendlydata.

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The Role of Brown Adipose Tissue and Energy Metabolism in Mammalian Thermoregulation during the Perinatal Period

Cited by 13 publications

References 214 publications

Global gene expression profiling of perirenal brown adipose tissue whitening in goat kids reveals novel genes linked to adipose remodeling

Global gene expression profiling of perirenal brown adipose tissue whitening in goat kids reveals novel genes linked to adipose remodeling

The molecular mechanism of macrophage-adipocyte crosstalk in maintaining energy homeostasis

Reduction in Cold Stress in an Innovative Metabolic Cage Housing System Increases Animal Welfare in Laboratory Mice

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