The Role of Breast Milk in the Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Sheard, Nancy F.; Walker, W. Allan

doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.1988.tb05343.x

Cited by 94 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Intestinal bacteriae play roles on bile salt metabolism, lipid hydrolysis, degradation of proteins to peptide and aminoacids and vitamin production (2,3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial translocation and intestinal injury in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis model

Çiftçi¹,

Özdemir²,

Aktan³

et al. 2012

BLL

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Abstract:Objective: To study the occurrence of bacterial translocation and to assess the impact of breastfeeding on bacterial translocation in the animal model of necrotizing enterocolitis. Methods: A total of 20 neonate Sprague-Dawley rats were enrolled in the study. Rats were randomly allocated into either control or study group just after birth. Ten newborn rats in the control group were left with their mother to be breast-fed. In contrary, necrotizing enterocolitis group consisted of neonates that were separated from their mothers, housed in an incubator and were gavaged with a special rodent formula three times daily. Survival rates, weight changes, and morphologic scoring obtained after microscopic evaluation were determined as microbiologic evaluation criteria. Results: All the rats in the control group survived, while 1 (10 %) rat died in the necrotizing enterocolitis group. Mortality rates of the two groups were similar. All the formula-fed animals in the necrotizing enterocolitis group had signifi cant weight loss compared to the breast milk-fed rats in the control group (p<0.05). A total of 7 (70 %) and 2 (20 %) E. coli growths were identifi ed in the bowel lumen, liver, and spleen of necrotizing enterocolitis and control groups, respectively. This difference was statistically signifi cant. In peritoneal smear cultures, a total of 3 (30 %) growths were detected in the necrotizing enterocolitis group and 1 (10 %) growth in the control group. Conclusion: As the result of a disturbance in the intestinal fl ora and impairment of the intestinal barrier in necrotizing enterocolitis, microrganisms in the bowel pass through the intestinal barrier and reach the liver and the spleen via the hematogenous route. This condition is closely related to the impairment of physiological and functional features of the intestinal barrier and is independent from the degree of intestinal injury. Bacterial translocation should be remembered in cases suspected of necrotizing enterocolitis, and a rapid and effective treatment algorithm should be applied in such circumstances (Tab. 3, Fig. 3, Ref. 21). Full Text in PDF www.elis.sk.

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“…Intestinal bacteriae play roles on bile salt metabolism, lipid hydrolysis, degradation of proteins to peptide and aminoacids and vitamin production (2,3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prematurity leading to an intestinal immaturity may be one of the predisposing factors. Other possible causes are undeveloped newborn intestinal barrier, hypersensitive splanchnic hypoperfusion, intestinal injury due to disturbance of mesenteric circulation in perinatal asphyxia, and invasion of microfl ora (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial translocation and intestinal injury in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis model

Çiftçi¹,

Özdemir²,

Aktan³

et al. 2012

BLL

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“…Human milk provides a variety of benefits compared to formula. In preterm infants, reported benefits include faster gastric emptying (Cavell 1981;Ewer 1994), faster attainment of full enteral feeding (Uraizee 1989;Lucas 1990), enhanced stimulation of gastrointestinal motility and improved intestinal growth and maturation (Sheard 1988;Groer 1996). Breast milk is associated with a reduction in the incidence of necrotising enterocolitis and late onset sepsis (Narayanan 1984;.…”

Section: Description Of the Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Banked preterm versus banked term human milk to promote growth and development in very low birth weight infants

Dempsey

Miletin

2010

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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“…[17][18][19] On the upper back is an acupressure point and nerves that serve the breast originate in the upper spine, between the shoulder blades. Massaging this area relaxes the shoulders and promotes milk let-down.…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessment and comparison between effectiveness of techniques of improving lactation among postnatal mothers of new born babies

Asrani¹,

Varghese

Sharma

et al. 2018

Asian J Med Sci

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Background: Breast milk is a combination of food and ailor made medicine to meet the requirements of the new born, is extremely easy to digest and is therefore the perfect first food for the new born. Aims and Objectives: Authors evaluated 60 postnatal mothers of new born babies to determine the effectiveness of back massage as compared to cumin seeds laddo techniques on improving lactation. Materials and Methods: A quasi experimental study designed among sixty postnatal mothers to observe the effectiveness of methods of improving lactation randomly dived into two groups. Subjects of group 1 received back massage while cumin seed laddoo provided to subjects of group 2. The ethical clearance was obtained. Data recorded at baseline (pretest) and for three successive days, 1, 2 and 3 post administration (post-test). Results: 83.3% of the post natal mothers of group 1 (n 1 =30) and 86.7% of group 2 (n 2 =30) observed without any previous problem in breast feeding. The appearance of stool found to be associated significantly post administration on day 2 (p<0.003) and day 3 (p<0.006) with used techniques. On day 3, 63.3% noticed with good category received back massage against 40.0% administered cumin seed laddo. Mean birth weight of baby (2681.33±260.89 gram) at post-test of group 1 was higher than group 2 (2607.00±402.19 gram). Differences in mean number of nappies wetted, number of feed and time taken by the baby between groups on days 2 and 3 were highly significant (p<0.001). Average total post-test scoring were statistically significant on day 3 (p<0.05). However, back massage was more effective than cumin seed laddo. Conclusion: This study supports the view of improvement in lactation among post natal mother incorporated to good health of new born by administering back massage. In the Indian context, there are many studies carried out on improvement in lactation among post natal mothers but none of the study demonstrated comparison between two lactation techniques.

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The Role of Breast Milk in the Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Cited by 94 publications

References 57 publications

Bacterial translocation and intestinal injury in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis model

Bacterial translocation and intestinal injury in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis model

Banked preterm versus banked term human milk to promote growth and development in very low birth weight infants

Assessment and comparison between effectiveness of techniques of improving lactation among postnatal mothers of new born babies

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