The role of breakfast In the treatment of obesity: a randomized clinical trial

Schlundt, David G.; Hill, James O.; Sbrocco, Tracy; Pope-Cordle, J; Sharp, Terry L.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/55.3.645

Cited by 231 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…4 Hourly distribution of energy intake per 24 h during the breakfast ( ) and no-breakfast ( ) conditions for male participants who typically eat breakfast at least 5 times/week typically observed in experimental situations compared with free-living surveys (36) , this psychological difference between male and female participants could account for the different responses between the female highfrequency breakfast eaters and the male participants. Differences between the female high-and low-frequency breakfast eaters may be linked to differences in routinedriven eating habits and/or to dietary restraint between regular and irregular breakfast eaters (27,41) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does consuming breakfast influence activity levels? An experiment into the effect of breakfast consumption on eating habits and energy expenditure

Halsey

Huber

Low

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To experimentally compare the effects of eating or skipping breakfast on energy expenditure, activity levels and dietary habits. Design: A randomised cross-over trial, lasting 2 weeks. Participants were provided breakfast during one week and were required to fast until mid-day during the other week. Setting: University campus. Subjects: Forty-nine participants (twenty-six female and twenty-three male participants) were recruited. Food intake was monitored using food diaries, and energy expenditure was assessed using pedometers and heart rate monitors. Morningness-eveningness, physical activity and health were assessed using validated questionnaires. Results: Across all participants, daily energy expenditure did not differ between the two experimental conditions. Total energy intake over 24 h did not vary with condition (male participants: 8134 (SD 447) kJ/d and 7514 (SD 368) kJ/d; female participants: 7778 (SD 410) kJ/d and 7531 (SD 535) kJ/d, for the breakfast and no-breakfast conditions, respectively). However, when comparing habitual breakfast eaters with those with irregular or breakfast-skipping habits, it was found that male non-habitual breakfast eaters consumed significantly (P 5 0?029) more energy during the breakfast condition. Furthermore, female participants who were habitual breakfast eaters were found to eat significantly (P 5 0?005) more and later in the day under the no-breakfast condition. Conclusions: Although the suggestion that breakfast is a behavioural marker for appropriate dietary and physical activity patterns is not refuted by the present findings, our data suggest that the effect of breakfast may vary as a function of gender and morning eating habits, and thus there may be other mechanisms that link BMI and breakfast consumption behaviour.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does consuming breakfast influence activity levels? An experiment into the effect of breakfast consumption on eating habits and energy expenditure

Halsey

Huber

Low

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Some suggest that skipping breakfast results in a decrease in the total daily intake of energy [27], but others have shown that it may instead lead to increased calorie consumption [28]. There is also evidence showing that lower food consumption at breakfast may accompany higher intakes at lunch and dinner [11,29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obese and female adolescents skip breakfast more than their non-obese and male peers

Rashidi

Mohammadpour-Ahranjani

Karandish

et al. 2007

Open Medicine

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AbstractWe examined the association between overweight/gender and skipping breakfast among adolescent students in Tehran city using a cross-sectional study and a multistage random sampling method. All educational zones in Tehran city were covered during the educational year of 2000–01. In total, 2321 students aged 11–16 years (1068 male; 1263 female) participated in the study. Weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) was calculated. Overweight, pre-obesity and obesity were defined as BMI ≥ 85th, 85th to 95th, and ≥ 95th percentile of age-sex-specific BMI reference values, respectively. Self-reported frequency of breakfast consumption was categorized as usual/always, often, and rarely/never (5–7, 2–4 and 0–1 times/wk, respectively). Student’s t and Chi-square tests were employed to analyze the data. Statistical inferences were made at α = 0.05. In boys and girls, the mean ± standard deviation of BMI was 19.8 ± 4.0 and 20.6 ± 4.1 kg/m2, the 18.8% and 23.1% were overweight, and 7.3% and 8.3% were obese, respectively. There was a significant difference in the frequency of breakfast consumption between obese and normal male students (P < 0.001). Differences between pre-obese and normal, and obese and normal female students were also significant (P < 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively). A significant difference was found in the frequency of breakfast consumption between male and female adolescents in all three categories (P < 0.001). These results suggest that obese and female adolescents are more likely to skip breakfast than their normal and male peers and are therefore at higher risk for growth deficits and low educational performance. Preventive/educational programs are urgently needed in this age group.

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“…Nevertheless, meal skipping, especially breakfast skipping, is associated with overeating later in the day, due to intense hunger followed by ingestion of high-fat, sugar-dense snacks (11) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Snack frequency: associations with healthy and unhealthy food choices

Hartmann

Siegrist

Horst

2012

Public Health Nutr.

130

115

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Objective: We examined associations between snack frequency, sociodemographic characteristics, BMI, dietary and eating behaviour. In order to identify whether various subgroups of high-frequency snack consumers exist, we investigated underlying food patterns and lifestyle factors. Design: The data were based on the Swiss Food Panel Questionnaire of 2010, which included an FFQ, questions relating to sociodemographics and lifestyle factors. Data were examined using ANOVA, regression analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Gender differences were also investigated in the analysis of the data. Setting: A sample of 6189 adults participating in the Swiss Food Panel filled in a questionnaire (response rate 30 %). Subjects: The sample consisted of both men and women, with a mean age of 54?4 (SD 13?5) years. Results: There was no association between snack frequency and BMI. Consumption frequency of sweets and savouries as well as fruit intake increased with increasing snack frequency. Additionally, three different subgroups of high-frequency snack consumers could be revealed: healthy, moderate and unhealthy dietary-pattern groups. The latter included respondents who were less health-conscious and was characterized by high alcohol consumption frequency, daily breakfast skipping and watching television during the main meal. Conclusions: High snack frequency occurred in the context of healthy as well as unhealthy dietary behaviour and lifestyle patterns. Women made healthier dietary food choices and were more likely to consume fruits as snacks, while men chose unhealthy foods, such as sweets and savouries, more often.

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The role of breakfast In the treatment of obesity: a randomized clinical trial

Cited by 231 publications

References 14 publications

Does consuming breakfast influence activity levels? An experiment into the effect of breakfast consumption on eating habits and energy expenditure

Does consuming breakfast influence activity levels? An experiment into the effect of breakfast consumption on eating habits and energy expenditure

Obese and female adolescents skip breakfast more than their non-obese and male peers

Snack frequency: associations with healthy and unhealthy food choices

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