The role of body-based sensory information in the acquisition of enduring spatial representations

Waller, David; Greenauer, Nathan

doi:10.1007/s00426-006-0087-x

Cited by 63 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Similar results are also seen in route learning and wayfinding tasks Ruddle et al, 2011a;Ruddle et al, 2011b). This pattern seems to hold especially with complex paths or repeated exposure to the same environment Waller & Greenauer, 2007), suggesting that passive vision may be sufficient for simple environments (Mellet et al, 2010) and that idiothetic learning may build up over time. Other positive results could be attributable to a larger field of view or free head movements in the walking condition (Grant & Magee, 1998;Sun et al, 2004;Waller et al, 2003).…”

Section: Idiothetic Information During Walkingsupporting

confidence: 70%

Active and passive contributions to spatial learning

2011

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It seems intuitively obvious that active exploration of a new environment will lead to better spatial learning than will passive exposure. However, the literature on this issue is decidedly mixed-in part, because the concept itself is not well defined. We identify five potential components of active spatial learning and review the evidence regarding their role in the acquisition of landmark, route, and survey knowledge. We find that (1) idiothetic information in walking contributes to metric survey knowledge, (2) there is little evidence as yet that decision making during exploration contributes to route or survey knowledge, (3) attention to place-action associations and relevant spatial relations contributes to route and survey knowledge, although landmarks and boundaries appear to be learned without effort, (4) route and survey information are differentially encoded in subunits of working memory, and (5) there is preliminary evidence that mental manipulation of such properties facilitates spatial learning. Idiothetic information appears to be necessary to reveal the influence of attention and, possibly, decision making in survey learning, which may explain the mixed results in desktop virtual reality. Thus, there is indeed an active advantage in spatial learning, which manifests itself in the task-dependent acquisition of route and survey knowledge.

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Section: Idiothetic Information During Walkingsupporting

confidence: 70%

Active and passive contributions to spatial learning

2011

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“…Therefore the sense of movement relies only on visual flow from the screen, with a lack of self-motion information from vestibular or proprioceptive cues (perception of acceleration or of moving one's own body). Comparing VR and active locomotion, Waller and Greenauer (2007) found minor differences in overall performance, but VR participants were less accurate in estimating bearing to locations. This reinforces the idea that the integration of turning cues relies on body-based senses beyond the purely visual.…”

Section: The Importance Of Mobile and Situated Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…According to Wiener et al's (2009) taxonomy this is as a path following paradigm and is appropriate when exposure to the same environment is needed, and allows data analysis in a between-subjects design, as all participants go through the same environments. For example, studies have examined how spatial learning occurs (Ishikawa and Montello 2006), compared how learning differs depending on input from the senses (Waller and Greenauer 2007), or the psychological outcomes of different urban environments (Roe and Aspinall 2011;Aspinall et al 2013).…”

Section: Experiments Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geo-EEG: Towards the Use of EEG in the Study of Urban Behaviour

Mavros

Austwick

Smith

2016

Appl. Spatial Analysis

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In this paper, we present how mobile electroencephalography, or mobile EEG, is becoming a relevant tool of urban studies, including among others, spatial cognition, architecture, urban design and planning. Mobile EEG is a research methodology that requires tightly controlled experiments and complicated analytical tools, but it is increasingly used beyond the clinical and research context to monitor brain function and cognition in real world. It is used to unravel our understanding of the neural processes that enable spatial perception and cognition, while is also applied to the study of psychological transactions between people and the environment, for example to gauge the effects of urban or natural environments on the emotional state of pedestrians. In the near future, mobile EEG could be integrated in the research on cities as a tool to understand the cognitive foundations of urban movement, assess the psychological impact of environments on individuals, or target interventions to improve the quality of the urban environment. In this paper we review relevant research with mobile EEG, as well as the background and methodological issues arising in such projects.

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“…Some findings have been interpreted to indicate that head velocity and displacement can be accurately perceived by integrating the linear acceleration information detected by the otolith system (Berthoz et al 1995). Others indicate that the influence and/or effectiveness of vestibular information in this respect is somewhat limited, particularly when other nonvisual information such as vibrations are no longer available (Seidman 2008), when moving along trajectories with more complex velocity profiles ) or during larger scale navigation (Waller and Greenauer 2007). Therefore, Experiment 2 investigated whether the weighting of visual and body-based cues changes with the removal of the proprioceptive inputs from the legs that are typically available during walking.…”

Section: Experiments 2: Passive Transportmentioning

confidence: 93%

Multisensory integration in the estimation of walked distances

2012

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When walking through space, both dynamic visual information (optic flow) and body-based information (proprioceptive and vestibular) jointly specify the magnitude of distance travelled. While recent evidence has demonstrated the extent to which each of these cues can be used independently, less is known about how they are integrated when simultaneously present. Many studies have shown that sensory information is integrated using a weighted linear sum, yet little is known about whether this holds true for the integration of visual and body-based cues for travelled distance perception. In this study using Virtual Reality technologies, participants first travelled a predefined distance and subsequently matched this distance by adjusting an egocentric, in-depth target. The visual stimulus consisted of a long hallway and was presented in stereo via a head-mounted display. Body-based cues were provided either by walking in a fully tracked free-walking space (Exp. 1) or by being passively moved in a wheelchair (Exp. 2). Travelled distances were provided either through optic flow alone, body-based cues alone or through both cues combined. In the combined condition, visually specified distances were either congruent (1.0×) or incongruent (0.7× or 1.4×) with distances specified by body-based cues. Responses reflect a consistent combined effect of both visual and body-based information, with an overall higher influence of body-based cues when walking and a higher influence of visual cues during passive movement. When comparing the results of Experiments 1 and 2, it is clear that both proprioceptive and vestibular cues contribute to travelled distance estimates during walking. These observed results were effectively described using a basic linear weighting model.

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The role of body-based sensory information in the acquisition of enduring spatial representations

Cited by 63 publications

References 51 publications

Active and passive contributions to spatial learning

Active and passive contributions to spatial learning

Geo-EEG: Towards the Use of EEG in the Study of Urban Behaviour

Multisensory integration in the estimation of walked distances

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