The role of blue and green infrastructure in thermal sensation in public urban areas: A case study of summer days in four Czech cities

Lehnert, Michal; Brabec, Marek; Jurek, Martin; Tokar, Vladimír; Geletič, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.scs.2020.102683

Cited by 45 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…The vegetation removing and unifying in areas with higher radiation balance increases temperature extremes and results in biological stress and discomfort. The results of [53] suggest a highly complex relationship between biometeorological indices and thermal sensation vote in urban environments, significantly influenced by specificity of place and time. Despite measured microclimatic effects that might indicate the opposite, the probability of thermal sensation vote-related heat stress is higher under trees and near sprayed water-mist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Local Climate Zones, Land Surface Temperature and Air Temperature Interactions: Case Study of Hradec Králové, the Czech Republic

Středová

Chuchma

Rožnovský

et al. 2021

IJGI

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The current application of local climate zones (LCZs) often ends with (inter)zonal comparation of land surface temperature (LST) or air temperature (AT). LST evaluation employs an enhanced concept of LCZs together with cluster analysis for LCZs grouped based on LST. The paper attempts to combine them into a complex approach derived from the case study on a medium-sized Central European city (Hradec Králové, the Czech Republic). In particular, the paper addresses the following. (i) The relation of LST and AT, when the daily course of temperature profile ranging clear off the surface up to 2 m was fitted by a rational 2D function. The obtained equation enables derivation of the AT from LST and vice versa. (ii) The differences in thermal response of LCZs based on LST or AT, where the highest average LST and average maximum LST show LCZs 10, 2, 3 and 8, i.e., with a significant proportion of artificial surfaces. The cluster of LCZs with a significant representation of vegetation, LCZs 9, B, D, A and G, have significantly lower LST. (iii) The contribution of LCZs to understanding of LST/AT relation and whether their specific relation could be expected in particular LCZs, when subsequent interaction assessment of LST and AT revealed statistically their significant correlation in LCZs for certain cases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Local Climate Zones, Land Surface Temperature and Air Temperature Interactions: Case Study of Hradec Králové, the Czech Republic

Středová

Chuchma

Rožnovský

et al. 2021

IJGI

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“…For example, the categorization of buildings does not take into account the occurrence of green roofs and facades, which may affect the outflow or evapotranspiration [35]. However, this must be demonstrated by detailed research and measurements on individual surfaces in different microclimatic position [10,62].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Ecohydrological and Climatological Zoning of the Cities: Case Study of the City of Pilsen

Kopp

Frajer

Novotná

et al. 2021

IJGI

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Standardized delimiting of local climate zones (LCZ) will be better applicable to the urban adaptation to climate change when the ecohydrological properties of LCZ units are known. Therefore, the properties of LCZ units based on the methodology of ecohydrological zoning of the urban landscape, which was created in GIS as a basis for planning blue-green infrastructure of cities in the Czech Republic, are presented in the paper. The goal of this study is to compare approaches and results of our own ecohydrological zonation and standardized LCZ delimiting in the city of Pilsen. Both methodological approaches differ in input data, resolution details and parameters used. The results showed that the areas of the individual LCZ classes show different levels of ecohydrological qualities. Internal heterogeneity of LCZ classes demonstrated by variance of ecohydrological parameters’ values can be partly explained by different techniques and data sources for delimitation of both zonations, but by different sets of delimitation criteria. The discussion is held on the importance of terrain slope for supplementing the LCZ classification. A case study can be a stimulus for further development of holistic urban zoning methodologies that would take into account both climatological and ecohydrological conditions.

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“…Lenzholzer (2010) compared microclimate perception obtained via mental maps with results of microclimate measurements for Dutch urban squares but mainly focused on wind. Lehnert et al (2021b) recorded microclimatic data using fixed stations at six different locations with blue infrastructure (five squares and one park) in different Czech cities and compared obtained values two different bioclimatic indices with thermal sensation as indicated by mental maps. They concluded that sustainable urban planning to mitigate heat stress should take into consideration the behavioural patterns of the residents.…”

Section: Lehnert Et Al (2021a) Compared Areas With High Surface Tempe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal loads in two different urban quarters – perspectives from mobile measurements and mental maps

Moderow

Ziemann

Goldberg

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The fact that different urban structures have different climatic effects and therefore differ in their thermal loads for people is well known. However, there is a lack of quantitative and qualitative surveys in specific districts that are suitable to derive accepted adaptation measures. This paper addresses the research questions where thermally stressed areas in public space are identified by mobile measurements and by mental maps and what are the causes of each, where both methods agree or disagree, and what are the benefits and the limitations of using both methods for prioritizing adaptation measures. Mobile measurements in an urban quarter over a whole day can supply needed data for determining thermal loads of urban structures and their temporal development. Mental maps give information about the perception of urban dwellers and - based on the spatial distribution of obtained data - the user frequency. Both methods provide information concerning where and when measures should be taken in order to facilitate adaptation to heat. The paper presents the results of mobile measurements and mental maps of two different urban quarters in Germany. Thermal loads were assessed by using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) for three selected summer days. Results indicated that the different urban structures can differ by up to 7 K or by two stages of thermal stress during a hot summer day. Surface material with high albedo can overcompensate smaller sky view factors resulting in high thermal loads. Street trees caused changing thermal loads but reduced them on average. Identified hot spots based on mobile measurements mostly correlated with hot spots identified by mental maps, if they were frequently used. However, hottest spots identified by measurements were not necessarily most frequently named as hot spots in the mental maps. Most often named hot spots of mental maps coincided with major traffic routes suggesting that user frequency is important. We conclude that the combination of both methods can be valuable for identifying locations with high priority for climate adaptation in cities.

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The role of blue and green infrastructure in thermal sensation in public urban areas: A case study of summer days in four Czech cities

Cited by 45 publications

References 93 publications

Local Climate Zones, Land Surface Temperature and Air Temperature Interactions: Case Study of Hradec Králové, the Czech Republic

Local Climate Zones, Land Surface Temperature and Air Temperature Interactions: Case Study of Hradec Králové, the Czech Republic

Comparison of Ecohydrological and Climatological Zoning of the Cities: Case Study of the City of Pilsen

Thermal loads in two different urban quarters – perspectives from mobile measurements and mental maps

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