Abstract:Biomass, bioenergy and negative emission technologies are inherent to the future design of energy systems. Urban clusters have a growing demand for fuel, heat and electricity, which is both a challenge and an opportunity for biomass-based technologies. Their deployment should meet demand, while minimizing environmental impact and staying cost-competitive. We develop a systematic approach for the design, evaluation and ranking of biomass-to-X production strategies under uncertain market conditions. We assemble … Show more
“…Mathematical programming and optimization methods have been applied intensively to similar superstructure optimization problems (Gassner and Maréchal, 2009;Tock et al, 2010;Santibañez-Aguilar et al, 2011;Viana Ensinas et al, 2013;Celebi et al, 2017;Castro-Amoedo et al, 2021). As noted by Liu et al (2012), when generating results by means of optimization, deriving a set of feasible alternatives may be preferred to the generation of a single system designone that is only potentially optimal under certain external conditions.…”
A shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is essential to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions and climate change effects. Biofuels represent a promising low-carbon alternative for sectors that are hard to electrify, such as freight transport or aviation. This work investigates possible pathways for increasing the value of biomass at a Kraft pulp mill, focusing on black liquor and bark streams. Mathematical programming is coupled with superstructure optimization and systematic solution exploration to identify meaningful process configurations. The analysis of solutions under market variations allows for the identification of robust and competitive configurations for the co-production of pulp and fossil fuel alternatives. The results show that the integration of biorefineries in pulp mills results in better resource use and higher energy efficiency - diversifying the product portfolio and providing bio-based fuel products to the market while being economically viable. By incorporating fuel production in the conventional Kraft process, the carbon conversion efficiency of the mill can be increased from 48% to up to 67%. Extending the analysis, up to 2% of the European road freight transportation fuel could be provided with combined pulp and fuel production, and 5% of the worldwide fuel demand for passenger aviation.
“…Mathematical programming and optimization methods have been applied intensively to similar superstructure optimization problems (Gassner and Maréchal, 2009;Tock et al, 2010;Santibañez-Aguilar et al, 2011;Viana Ensinas et al, 2013;Celebi et al, 2017;Castro-Amoedo et al, 2021). As noted by Liu et al (2012), when generating results by means of optimization, deriving a set of feasible alternatives may be preferred to the generation of a single system designone that is only potentially optimal under certain external conditions.…”
A shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is essential to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions and climate change effects. Biofuels represent a promising low-carbon alternative for sectors that are hard to electrify, such as freight transport or aviation. This work investigates possible pathways for increasing the value of biomass at a Kraft pulp mill, focusing on black liquor and bark streams. Mathematical programming is coupled with superstructure optimization and systematic solution exploration to identify meaningful process configurations. The analysis of solutions under market variations allows for the identification of robust and competitive configurations for the co-production of pulp and fossil fuel alternatives. The results show that the integration of biorefineries in pulp mills results in better resource use and higher energy efficiency - diversifying the product portfolio and providing bio-based fuel products to the market while being economically viable. By incorporating fuel production in the conventional Kraft process, the carbon conversion efficiency of the mill can be increased from 48% to up to 67%. Extending the analysis, up to 2% of the European road freight transportation fuel could be provided with combined pulp and fuel production, and 5% of the worldwide fuel demand for passenger aviation.
“…Economic and environmental models are integrated into a process integration (PI) model, adapted from Butun et al 50 and Castro-Amoedo et al 51 The objective is to minimize Total Annualized Cost (TC). The economic model links the PI stage with monetary flows and is used to compute the total cost of the system (eqn (2)), composed of investment (Capex) and operating expenses (Opex).…”
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is commonly acknowledged as a valuable technology for reducing industrial emissions. However, limited installation capacity raises questions about its ability to scale up effectively and...
“…The rising need to create a decarbonized supply chain of energy critical metals motivates scientific advances in material-efficient pathways to harness earth abundant silicate resources. [1][2][3][4] The opportunity to fix anthropogenic CO 2 emissions via thermodynamically downhill carbon mineralization routes while co-recovering energy critical metals such as nickel and iron motivates scientific advances in accelerating these pathways. [1][2][3]5,6 Prior advances in this field were exclusively focused on carbon mineralization with limited attention being given to the co-recovery of energy critical metals that are present in earth abundant silicate resources such as serpentine (Mg 3 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 ) and olivine ((Mg,Fe) 2 SiO 4 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[1][2][3]5,6 Prior advances in this field were exclusively focused on carbon mineralization with limited attention being given to the co-recovery of energy critical metals that are present in earth abundant silicate resources such as serpentine (Mg 3 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 ) and olivine ((Mg,Fe) 2 SiO 4 ). [1][2][3][4]7 However, recent advances have shown that organic ligands such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) are effective in facilitating the co-recovery of energy critical metals such as nickel, while enabling accelerated carbon mineralization. However, scalable realization of these pathways remains limited by the lack of mechanistic insights into the complex chemomorphological interactions underlying the co-recovery of energy critical metals with inherent carbon mineralization.…”
The rising need to produce a decarbonized supply chain of energy critical metals with inherent carbon mineralization motivate advances in accelerating novel chemical pathways in a mechanistically – informed manner....
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