The role of biotic forces in driving macroevolution: beyond the Red Queen

Voje, Kjetil L.; Holen, Øistein Haugsten; Liow, Lee Hsiang; Stenseth, Nils Chr.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.0186

Cited by 80 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…; Voje et al. ). Based on our findings, we suggest that evolving biotic interactions between any pair of diverging species can also lead to a cascade of changes in their interactions with other components of the food web in which they are embedded (Brodersen et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Genetics of adaptation: Experimental test of a biotic mechanism driving divergence in traits and genes

2019

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The genes underlying adaptations are becoming known, yet the causes of selection on genes—a key step in the study of the genetics of adaptation—remains uncertain. We address this issue experimentally in a threespine stickleback species pair showing exaggerated divergence in bony defensive armor in association with competition‐driven character displacement. We used semi‐natural ponds to test the role of a native predator in causing divergent evolution of armor and two known underlying genes. Predator presence/absence altered selection on dorsal spines and allele frequencies at the Msx2a gene across a generation. Evolutionary trajectories of alleles at a second gene, Pitx1, and the pelvic spine trait it controls, were more variable. Our experiment demonstrates how manipulation of putative selective agents helps to identify causes of evolutionary divergence at key genes, rule out phenotypic plasticity as a sole determinant of phenotypic differences, and eliminate reliance on fitness surrogates. Divergence of predation regimes in sympatric stickleback is associated with coevolution in response to resource competition, implying a cascade of biotic interactions driving species divergence. We suggest that as divergence proceeds, an increasing number of biotic interactions generate divergent selection, causing more evolution in turn. In this way, biotic adaptation perpetuates species divergence through time during adaptive radiation in an expanding number of traits and genes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Genetics of adaptation: Experimental test of a biotic mechanism driving divergence in traits and genes

2019

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“…44-45) as well as Darwin (3). The Red Queen's hypothesis continues to attract much attention (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). However, within a multispecies ecological system it remains unclear whether evolution will cease or continue in the absence of external abiotic perturbations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Asymmetric ecological conditions favor Red-Queen type of continued evolution over stasis

Nordbotten

Stenseth

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Four decades ago, Leigh Van Valen presented the Red Queen's hypothesis to account for evolution of species within a multispecies ecological community [Van Valen L (1973) Evol Theory 1(1):1-30]. The overall conclusion of Van Valen's analysis was that evolution would continue even in the absence of abiotic perturbations. Stenseth and Maynard Smith presented in 1984 [Stenseth NC, Maynard Smith J (1984) Evolution 38(4):870-880] a model for the Red Queen's hypothesis showing that both Red-Queen type of continuous evolution and stasis could result from a model with biotically driven evolution. However, although that contribution demonstrated that both evolutionary outcomes were possible, it did not identify which ecological conditions would lead to each of these evolutionary outcomes. Here, we provide, using a simple, yet general population-biologically founded ecoevolutionary model, such analytically derived conditions: Stasis will predominantly emerge whenever the ecological system contains only symmetric ecological interactions, whereas both Red-Queen and stasis type of evolution may result if the ecological interactions are asymmetrical, and more likely so with increasing degree of asymmetry in the ecological system (i.e., the more trophic interactions, hostpathogen interactions, and the like there are [i.e., +/− type of ecological interactions as well as asymmetric competitive (−/−) and mutualistic (+/+) ecological interactions]). In the special case of no betweengenerational genetic variance, our results also predict dynamics within these types of purely ecological systems.coevolution | evolution within ecological communities | ecosystem structure | mathematical modeling | mathematical analysis T he major part of any species' environment is represented by the other (interacting) species in the ecosystem; hence, any evolutionary change made by any species within the ecosystem will, in general, be experienced as an environmental change by the coexisting species. This is the basis for the Red Queen's hypothesis as presented by Van Valen (1)-a proposition that is very similar to an idea suggested several decades earlier by Fisher (1930) (ref. 2, pp. 44-45) as well as Darwin (3). The Red Queen's hypothesis continues to attract much attention (3-10). However, within a multispecies ecological system it remains unclear whether evolution will cease or continue in the absence of external abiotic perturbations. Although the Darwinian theory of evolution provides a satisfactory explanation of the mechanisms for evolutionary changes and can be tested against short-term events, it does not in itself provide any predictions regarding large-scale and long-term features of the evolutionary dynamics. Essentially, we do not understand to what extent biotic factors (such as between-species interactions) are important determinants of macroevolution, or rather, what is the relative importance of biotic and abiotic processes in macroevolution (cf. ref. 11). To achieve such an understanding, we need to bring ecological and evoluti...

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“…Therefore, this indirectly shows that top-down trophic controls (i.e., predation) could be an important factor in macroevolution and long-term changes in phenotype distributions (Stanley 2008, Sallan et al 2011, Voje et al 2015. In this way the association of the higher values of á with 4 th order highstands of the sea level is an indirect effect of higher diversities of potential consumers of leiospheres (in this case graptolites), with the high sea level conditions.…”

Section: Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyst size trends in the genus Leiosphaeridia across the Mulde (lower Silurian) biogeochemical event

Spiridonov¹,

Venckutė-Aleksienė²,

Radzevičius³

2017

Bull. Geosci.

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The upper Wenlock epoch (Homerian age) of the Silurian period was an interval of intense changes in biotic composition, oceanic chemistry and sea level, which also witnessed a double-peaked positive stable carbon isotopic excursion. These biotic and environmental perturbations are thought to have originated due to reorganizations of the ocean system and high-amplitude sea level fluctuations. However, the evolutionary responses of the size of the micro-phytoplankton, which would help comprehension of the oceanographic mechanisms of these global perturbations, are currently unknown. Therefore, in this contribution we present morphometric data on the size changes of cysts of the dominant acritarch genus Leiosphaeridia during the middle and upper parts of the Homerian, which includes the lundgreni and Mulde bioevents, from the deep shelf facies of the eastern Baltic Basin (western Lithuania, Viduklë-61 core). Three parameters were measured for size distributions. Those are namely: average size, range of sizes, and power law exponent, which measures degree of "heavy-tailedness" and thus complexity of the distribution of cyst sizes. The average of the cyst sizes increased in the post-lundgreni interval of the Homerian, which points to the fundamental shift in the acritarch communities. The uncovered trends in cyst size ranges and power law exponents of their cyst size distributions revealed their close correspondence to the 4 th order sea level fluctuations. Probable paleoclimatic and paleoecological mechanisms for this connection are presented. • Key words: Acritarchs, green algae, Silurian, Mulde Event, size evolution, Eastern Baltic. Lithuania; andrej.spiridonov@gf.vu.lt, agne.aleksiene@gmail.com, sigitas.radzevicius@gf.vu.lt The Silurian period was one of the least stable time intervals throughout the entire Phanerozoic (Melchin et al. 2012). It is characterized by a set of conodont and graptolite extinctions, extirpations (regional disappearances), as well as general turnover events

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The role of biotic forces in driving macroevolution: beyond the Red Queen

Cited by 80 publications

References 97 publications

Genetics of adaptation: Experimental test of a biotic mechanism driving divergence in traits and genes

Genetics of adaptation: Experimental test of a biotic mechanism driving divergence in traits and genes

Asymmetric ecological conditions favor Red-Queen type of continued evolution over stasis

Cyst size trends in the genus Leiosphaeridia across the Mulde (lower Silurian) biogeochemical event

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