The Role of Biomarkers in Cardio-Oncology

Ananthan, Kajaluxy; Lyon, Alexander R.

doi:10.1007/s12265-020-10042-3

Cited by 99 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 155 publications

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“…Besides this application, Gal-3 levels have been investigated as biomarkers of several CVDs, in particular, in cardiovascular diseases initiated and stimulated by inflammation [98]. Recently, a possible role of Gal-3 as a marker of therapy-induced cardiotoxicity was also investigated; however, no association was found [99].…”

Section: Galectin-3 As a Circulating Markermentioning

confidence: 99%

Galectin-3 in Cardiovascular Diseases

Blanda

Bracale

Taranto

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a β-galactoside-binding protein belonging to the lectin family with pleiotropic regulatory activities and several physiological cellular functions, such as cellular growth, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, cellular adhesion, and tissue repair. Inflammation, tissue fibrosis and angiogenesis are the main processes in which Gal-3 is involved. It is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including organ fibrosis, chronic inflammation, cancer, atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review aims to explore the connections of Gal-3 with cardiovascular diseases since they represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We herein discuss the evidence on the pro-inflammatory role of Gal-3 in the atherogenic process as well as the association with plaque features linked to lesion stability. We report the biological role and molecular mechanisms of Gal-3 in other CVDs, highlighting its involvement in the development of cardiac fibrosis and impaired myocardium remodelling, resulting in heart failure and atrial fibrillation. The role of Gal-3 as a prognostic marker of heart failure is described together with possible diagnostic applications to other CVDs. Finally, we report the tentative use of Gal-3 inhibition as a therapeutic approach to prevent cardiac inflammation and fibrosis.

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Section: Galectin-3 As a Circulating Markermentioning

confidence: 99%

Galectin-3 in Cardiovascular Diseases

Blanda

Bracale

Taranto

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Increased CRP level was associated with the severity of radiation-induced cardiomyopathy after radiation therapy of lung or breast cancer (18). We have shown elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tissue necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in serum after local cardiac irradiation in mice (19), but data on their role in the prediction of myocardial changes in clinical trials are lacking to date (20,21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data-Independent Acquisition Proteomics Reveals Long-Term Biomarkers in the Serum of C57BL/6J Mice Following Local High-Dose Heart Irradiation

Azimzadeh

Toerne

Subramanian

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Background and Purpose: Cardiotoxicity is a well-known adverse effect of radiation therapy. Measurable abnormalities in the heart function indicate advanced and often irreversible heart damage. Therefore, early detection of cardiac toxicity is necessary to delay and alleviate the development of the disease. The present study investigated long-term serum proteome alterations following local heart irradiation using a mouse model with the aim to detect biomarkers of radiation-induced cardiac toxicity.Materials and Methods: Serum samples from C57BL/6J mice were collected 20 weeks after local heart irradiation with 8 or 16 Gy X-ray; the controls were sham-irradiated. The samples were analyzed by quantitative proteomics based on data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. The proteomics data were further investigated using bioinformatics and ELISA.Results: The analysis showed radiation-induced changes in the level of several serum proteins involved in the acute phase response, inflammation, and cholesterol metabolism. We found significantly enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1, and IL-6) in the serum of the irradiated mice. The level of free fatty acids, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and oxidized LDL was increased, whereas that of high-density lipoprotein was decreased by irradiation.Conclusions: This study provides information on systemic effects of heart irradiation. It elucidates a radiation fingerprint in the serum that may be used to elucidate adverse cardiac effects after radiation therapy.

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“…TZM treatment is known to cause the type of cardiac injury that is characterized by elevated serum cardiac specific biomarkers such as cardiac troponins I and T ( cTnI and cTnT ), LDH, brain (B-type) natriuretic peptide (BNP), CK-MB ( Singh et al, 2015 ; Ananthan and Lyon, 2020 ; Demissei et al, 2020 ), and pro-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-6, c-reactive protein, myeloperoxidase, galectin-3, and growth differentiation factor-15 ( Ananthan and Lyon, 2020 ; Demissei et al, 2020 ). In this study, TZM -induced cardiotoxicity was marked by profound elevation in the serum cTnI and LDL, and these elevations were reliably attenuated by ADP, LSP, VAL and their fixed-dose [(ADP + LSP) and (VAL + LSP)] combinations indicating cardioprotective potential of these drugs in TZM -mediated cardiotoxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Potentials of Selected Antihypertensive Agents and Their Fixed-Dose Combinations Against Trastuzumab-Mediated Cardiotoxicity

et al. 2021

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Trastuzumab (TZM) is useful in the clinical management of HER2-positive metastatic breast, gastric, and colorectal carcinoma but has been limited by its off-target cardiotoxicity. This study investigates the therapeutic potentials of 0.25 mg/kg/day amlodipine, 0.035 mg/kg/day lisinopril, 5 mg/kg/day valsartan, and their fixed-dose combinations in TZM-intoxicated Wistar rats that were randomly allotted into 10 groups of 6 rats for each group. Group I rats were treated with 10 ml/kg/day sterile water orally and 1 ml/kg/day sterile water intraperitoneally; Groups II, III, and IV rats were orally gavaged with 5 mg/kg/day valsartan and 1 ml/kg/day sterile water intraperitoneally, 0.25 mg/kg/day amlodipine and 1 ml/kg/day sterile water via the intraperitoneal route, 0.035 mg/kg/day lisinopril and 1 ml/kg/day sterile water administered intraperitoneally, respectively. Group V rats were orally treated with 10 ml/kg/day of sterile water prior to intraperitoneal administration of 2.25 mg/kg/day of TZM. Groups VI–VIII rats were equally pretreated with 5 mg/kg/day valsartan, 0.25 mg/kg/day amlodipine, and 0.035 mg/kg/day lisinopril before intraperitoneal 2.25 mg/kg/day TZM treatment, respectively; Groups IX and X rats were orally pretreated with the fixed-dose combinations of 0.25 mg/kg/day amlodipine +0.035 mg/kg/day lisinopril and 5 mg/kg/day valsartan +0.035 mg/kg/day lisinopril, respectively, before TZM treatment. Cardiac injury and tissue oxidative stress markers, complete lipids profile, histopathological, and immunohistochemical assays were the evaluating endpoints. Results showed that repeated TZM treatments caused profound increases in the serum TG and VLDL-c levels, serum cTnI and LDH levels, and cardiac tissue caspase-3 and -9 levels but decreased BCL-2 expression. TZM also profoundly attenuated CAT, SOD, GST and GPx activities, and increased MDA levels in the treated tissues. In addition, TZM cardiotoxicity was characterized by marked vascular and cardiomyocyte congestion and coronary artery microthrombi formation. However, the altered biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical changes were reversed with amlodipine, lisinopril, valsartan, and fixed-dose combinations, although fixed-dose valsartan/lisinopril combination was further associated with hyperlipidemia and increased AI and CRI values and coronary artery cartilaginous metaplasia. Thus, the promising therapeutic potentials of amlodipine, lisinopril, valsartan and their fixed-dose combinations in the management of TZM cardiotoxicity, majorly mediated via antiapoptotic and oxidative stress inhibition mechanisms were unveiled through this study.

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The Role of Biomarkers in Cardio-Oncology

Cited by 99 publications

References 155 publications

Galectin-3 in Cardiovascular Diseases

Galectin-3 in Cardiovascular Diseases

Data-Independent Acquisition Proteomics Reveals Long-Term Biomarkers in the Serum of C57BL/6J Mice Following Local High-Dose Heart Irradiation

Therapeutic Potentials of Selected Antihypertensive Agents and Their Fixed-Dose Combinations Against Trastuzumab-Mediated Cardiotoxicity

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