The Role of Bacterial Agents in the Pathogenesis of Canine Atopic Dermatitis

What has changed in canine pyoderma? A narrative review

“…Common underlying triggers such as ectoparasite infestations, allergic skin diseases and endocrinopathies have long been associated with pyoderma, with allergic disease likely the main driver for recurrent forms (Mason and Lloyd, 1989;Colombo et al, 2007;Bloom, 2014). More specific concepts of quorum sensing, of a minimum infective dose and most recently findings from microbiome studies showing significant changes in diversity and composition during atopic dermatitis have provided new insights on why infection with opportunistic bacteria may develop in skin (Lloyd, 2014;Pierezan et al, 2016;Rodrigues Hoffman et al, 2017). Immunological defects in innate and adaptive immunity were identified in deep pyoderma of German shepherd dogs presenting with widespread, highly inflammatory infections during the 1980s and 1990s (e.g.…”

A pilot study to identify perceived barrier and motivating factors of primary veterinarians in the USA for specialty referral and management of atopic dermatitis with allergen‐specific immunotherapy

“…1 The increased incidence of recurrent skin infections among animals with cAD and the frequent use of systemic antimicrobials has played a role in the rise of opportunistic meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus pyoderma among atopic pets. [2][3][4] The introduction of new medications for management of pruritus and inflammation associated with cAD has had the benefit of quickly providing improved quality of life (QoL) for many dogs with cAD and their owners; however, none of these other therapies has been shown yet to directly affect the pathogenesis of disease development.…”