The Role of B Cell and T Cell Glycosylation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Abstract

Glycosylation is a post-translational modification that affects the stability, structure, antigenicity and charge of proteins. In the immune system, glycosylation is involved in the regulation of ligand–receptor interactions, such as in B-cell and T-cell activating receptors. Alterations in glycosylation have been described in several autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), in which alterations have been found mainly in the glycosylation of B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and immunoglobulins. In immunoglobulin G of lupus patients, a decrease in galactosylation, sialylation, and nucleotide fucose, as well as an increase in the N-acetylglucosamine bisector, are observed. These changes in glycoisolation affect the interactions of immunoglobulins with Fc receptors and are associated with pericarditis, proteinuria, nephritis, and the presence of antinuclear antibodies. In T cells, alterations have been described in the glycosylation of receptors involved in activation, such as the T cell receptor; these changes affect the affinity with their ligands and modulate the binding to endogenous lectins such as galectins. In T cells from lupus patients, a decrease in galectin 1 binding is observed, which could favor activation and reduce apoptosis. Furthermore, these alterations in glycosylation correlate with disease activity and clinical manifestations, and thus have potential use as biomarkers. In this review, we summarize findings on glycosylation alterations in SLE and how they relate to immune system defects and their clinical manifestations.

T lymphocyte and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in patients with radiation-induced oral mucositis after intensity-modulated radiation therapy for head and neck cancer: A retrospective single-center study

“…Tumor patients themselves have a state of immune deficiency, while those who receive radiation therapy have a more fragile immune function and are more worthy of clinical practice attention. [24] It is worth noting that radiation-induced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer is also related to some other biomarkers, basal metabolic diseases, treatment methods, lifestyle habits, oral microbiota, etc. [25][26][27] Therefore, insufficient data in this area may also cause bias.…”

“…Tumor patients themselves have a state of immune deficiency, while those who receive radiation therapy have a more fragile immune function and are more worthy of clinical practice attention. [24]…”

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and autoimmune rheumatic diseases: Outcomes and prospects

“…Образование ЦИК может быть связано как с выраженным гуморальным иммунным ответом против S-белка SARS-CoV-2, так и с образованием «аутоиммунных» ИК, состоящих из аутоантител и аутоантигенов. Примечательно, что при COVID-19 [219,220], как и при СКВ [221,222], наблюдается нарушение гликозилирования (афукозилирование) IgG, что потенциально может приводить к более выраженной провоспалительной активности аутоантител и ИК.…”

Protein glycosylation: bridging maternal–fetal crosstalk during embryo implantation

“…In addition, N-glycosylation may affect the immunosuppressive activity of PD-1, thereby regulating the immune escape of tumor cells [116]. And in SLE patients, changes in protein glycosylation affect the binding of T cell receptors to endogenous lectins (such as galectins), for example, resulting in reduced binding to galectins 1 [117]. These molecular proteins can be explored at the mother-fetal interface.…”