The role of autophagy during osteoclastogenesis under microgravity conditions

Markolefa, Ioanna; Lambrou, George Ι.

doi:10.1017/s1473550418000277

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…Результати багатьох нещодавно опубліковних досліджень різних типів клітин тварин та людини в умовах мікрогравітації свідчать про те, що цей стресовий фактор здатен індукувати в них розвиток процесів аутофагії, що може призводити до розвитку різних морфофізіологічних та патофізіологічних сценаріїв [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Проте на сьогодні експериментальних даних, що свідчили б про можливий вплив мікрогравітації на розвиток аутофагії в клітинах рослин, поки що взагалі немає.…”

unclassified

Autophagy development as an adaptive response to microgravity conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana

Shadrina¹,

Yemets²,

Blume³

2019

Fakt. eksp. evol. org.

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Aim. The main aim of the study was to analyze the effect of microgravity on the growth and development of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings at different time intervals of cultivation (4–10 days) and to investigate the development of autophagy induced by the conditions of microgravity in seedlings root cells. Methods. Microscopic methods as well as in vitro propagation method were used. To simulate of microgravity conditions plants were placed in clinostat machine. Results. In the course of experiments, the peaks of the formation of autophagosome were recorded: in the cells of the root cap zone of at 9th day and in the cells of the root zone extension on the 10th day of clinical establishment. Conclusions. It can be concluded that microgravity is capable to induce the development of autophagy in the roots of A. thaliana seedlings. Cells with signs of autophagy were revealed on the 9th and 10th day of cultivation of seedlings under microgravity conditions. Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana, autophagy, microgravity.

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Autophagy development as an adaptive response to microgravity conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana

Shadrina¹,

Yemets²,

Blume³

2019

Fakt. eksp. evol. org.

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“…Luego de 2 o 3 semanas el deterioro se hace más evidente (13) , es decir, la "no carga" mecánica generada sobre los músculos ocasiona cambios en la composición de relación de las proteínas actina/ miosina e incluso la disminución de otras proteínas musculares como la titina y nebulina causados por desregulación negativa de muchos genes como por ejemplo (TGF1, Fzd9, Casq2, Kcnma1, Ppara, Myf6) (45,46) . En estos procesos se presentan las alteraciones en la transcripción de proteínas contráctiles y degradación a través de la vía ubicuitina-proteosoma de la apoptosis; evitando de esa manera su regeneración, crecimiento Pág.…”

Section: Sistema Músculoesqueléticounclassified

“…En dicho proceso está involucrada la autofagia, con niveles acentuados de marcadores de genes (Atg5, LC3 y Atg16L), además el aumento de la expresión de la fosfolipasa PLCγ2, moléculas de señalización de proteínas quinasas activadas por mitógenos MAPK/ERK, P38 y activación de osteoclastos a través del receptor activador nuclear kappa beta (RANK) que promueven la reabsorción ósea (45,49,50) , con aumento de marcadores como el telopéptido c-terminal del colágeno tipo 1 (CXT) y telopéptido n-terminal del colágeno tipo 1 (NTX) en la orina. En concentraciones sanguíneas se observa incremento de la fosfatasa alcalina (FA), isoenzima ósea (bALP) y propéptido N-terminal de procolageno tipo I (PINP) (51) .…”

Section: Sistema Músculoesqueléticounclassified

“…En concentraciones sanguíneas se observa incremento de la fosfatasa alcalina (FA), isoenzima ósea (bALP) y propéptido N-terminal de procolageno tipo I (PINP) (51) . Es por esto que el bloqueo de la autofagia es una alternativa terapéutica para prevenir la pérdida ósea en el espacio, debido a que la supresión de la misma da como resultado una regulación negativa de la osteoclastogénesis (1,45,52) .…”

Section: Sistema Músculoesqueléticounclassified

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Medicina humana espacial: Performance fisiológico y contramedidas para mejorar la salud del astronauta

Rivera¹,

Cornejo²,

Huallpayunca³

et al. 2020

RFMH

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This Review Article is presented based on current scientific evidence on space medicine focused on human physiology and its countermeasures. Therefore, a non-systematic bibliographic search of scientific articles and research books in English-Spanish of the last 7 years was carried out, detailing their application in humans, murine models and in vitro experiments. The conditions of the space environment such as microgravity and radiation that produce considerable physiological changes in the cardiovascular system (redistribution of fluids, cardiovascular remodeling, arrhythmias) were taken into account; nervous (sensorimotor, neurosensory, neurovestibular); respiratory (volume and capacity changes); renal (lithiasis); musculoskeletal (muscular atrophy, osteoporosis); hematological (anemia); immunological (immune dysregulation) and digestive (intestinal microbiota disorder). In addition, there are biological, molecular and genetic processes still to be explored, in order to know and mitigate the uncertain mechanisms triggered in extreme and dangerous environments. Therefore, it is a priority to develop and implement countermeasures to reduce the harmful effects on health, with the aim of guaranteeing the astronaut's adaptation, safety and performance during future space flights.

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“…These induce physiological changes and disease phenotypes similar to those that are observed in ageing-related processes, such as bone atrophy, sarcopenia, accumulative oxidative stress and diminished immune function [14][15][16][17]. Indeed, many of the physiological alterations that astronauts exhibit in low-gravity conditions may be attributed to autophagy or alterations in the endo-lysosomal system [18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Altered Endosome and Lysosome Biology in Space Environments

Johnson

Nguyen

Wise

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Space exploration poses multiple challenges for mankind, not only on a technical level but also to the entire physiology of the space traveller. The human system must adapt to several environmental stressors, microgravity being one of them. Lysosomes are ubiquitous to every cell and essential for their homeostasis, playing significant roles in the regulation of autophagy, immunity, and adaptation of the organism to changes in their environment, to name a few. Dysfunction of the lysosomal system leads to age-related diseases, for example bone loss, reduced immune response or cancer. As these conditions have been shown to be accelerated following exposure to microgravity, this review elucidates the lysosomal response to real and simulated microgravity. Microgravity activates the endo-lysosomal system, with resulting impacts on bone loss, muscle atrophy and stem cell differentiation. The investigation of lysosomal adaptation to microgravity can be beneficial in the search for new biomarkers or therapeutic approaches to several disease pathologies on earth as well as the potential to mitigate pathophysiology during spaceflight.

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The role of autophagy during osteoclastogenesis under microgravity conditions

Cited by 4 publications

References 64 publications

Autophagy development as an adaptive response to microgravity conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana

Autophagy development as an adaptive response to microgravity conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana

Medicina humana espacial: Performance fisiológico y contramedidas para mejorar la salud del astronauta

Implications of Altered Endosome and Lysosome Biology in Space Environments

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