The Role of Authoritative Parenting in Adolescent Type 1 Diabetes Management

Abstract

Together, better youth adherence and higher QOL are two mechanisms by which more AP indirectly relates to better glycemic control during the early adolescent years.

Authoritarian parenting style predicts poorer glycemic control in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes

“…However, in regression models controlling for baseline child HbA1c, family income, and T1D duration, we did not see a prospective association between use of authoritative parenting strategies and children's HbA1c, suggesting the use of these parenting strategies may be less predictive of future child HbA1c than current HbA1c levels in the new‐onset period. Radcliff et al has also examined the relation between an authoritative style and child HbA1c prospectively, and found no relation between this parenting style and children's HbA1c at 3 months . Our results mirror these previous findings.…”

“…Monaghan et al found that authoritative parenting was associated with better adherence and less parenting stress, yet showed no relation to glycemic control . Moreover, in a short, prospective trial, the cross‐sectional association of self‐report authoritative parenting and glycemic control appeared to diminish at 3 months postbaseline, suggesting authoritative parenting alone may not have a long‐standing effect on children's glycemic control …”

“…Yet, because similar studies do not exist in families of school‐age children newly diagnosed with T1D, it remains unclear if these parents would also benefit from parenting resources tailored to the unique challenges of the new diagnosis phase and targeted to fit the developmental milestones achieved during middle‐childhood. Another limitation is that studies have not yet examined the long‐term relations between parenting style and T1D outcomes . Therefore, our goal was to examine the association between parenting styles—specifically parents' use of authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive parenting strategies—and glycemic control in families of children newly diagnosed with T1D using a 6‐month prospective design.…”

Modelling individual, parental and peer factors to glycaemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A prospective study

“…There were no consistent suggestions about measurement interval and follow‐up period for a prospective design. According to previous studies (Guo, Whittemore, & He, ; Noser et al, ; Radcliff et al, ), a 6‐month prospective design was used in this study. Demographic characteristics, diabetes distress, attribution of peer reactions and parenting style were collected at baseline, self‐management was collected 3 months after the baseline and HbA1c levels were collected 6 months after the baseline.…”

“…Warmth‐caring parenting style was found to lead to low diabetes distress (Whittemore et al, ). Parenting style that encourages children to autonomously practice self‐management was indirectly linked to lower HbA1c levels through better self‐management in a cross‐sectional study (Radcliff et al, ), while parenting style treating children with acceptance, appreciation, communication and independence encouragement was associated with lower HbA1c levels through less peer orientation in adolescents with T1D (Drew et al, ). Accordingly, parenting style might directly affect diabetes distress, attribution of peer reactions, self‐management and HbA1c levels and might also indirectly affect subsequent HbA1c levels through diabetes distress, attribution of peer reactions and self‐management in adolescents with T1D.…”