The Role of Authoritarianism, Perceived Threat, and Need for Closure or Structure in Predicting Post-9/11 Attitudes and Beliefs

Crowson, H. Michael; DeBacker, Teresa K.; Thoma, Stephen J.

doi:10.3200/socp.146.6.733-750

Cited by 61 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…All items can be found in Appendix in the online supporting information. Fear of terrorism was gauged using five items based on Crowson, DeBacker, and Thoma () (Cronbach’s α = .96, M = 4.09, SD = 1.78). We assessed anger on government with three items adapted from Sinclair and LoCicero () and Skitka, Baumann, and Mullen () (Cronbach’s α = .94, M = 4.99, SD = 1.80).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terror, Terror Everywhere? How Terrorism News Shape Support for Anti‐Muslim Policies as a Function of Perceived Threat Severity and Controllability

Matthes

Schmuck

Sikorski

2019

Political Psychology

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Terrorist attacks committed by the so‐called Islamic State are rising in Western countries. How the news media portray these attacks may crucially influence emotional responses and support for anti‐Muslim policies such as immigration bans. Based on the Extended parallel response model (EPRM, Witte, 1992), we theorize that specific features of terrorism news such as threat severity (e.g., high vs. low number of potential terrorist offenders) and threat controllability (e.g., nondiffuse, controllable threat vs. diffuse, uncontrollable threat) influence individuals’ emotional reactions and policy support. A quota‐based online experiment (N = 501) reveals that news articles featuring a high number of offenders increase individuals’ fear of terror irrespective of whether the threat is portrayed as controllable or not. News articles featuring a low number of offenders only evoke fear of terror if the threat is portrayed as diffuse. Additionally, news articles emphasizing a high number of offenders combined with a controllable terrorism threat elicit anger on the government. Both anger and fear of terror subsequently increase anti‐Muslim policy support.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terror, Terror Everywhere? How Terrorism News Shape Support for Anti‐Muslim Policies as a Function of Perceived Threat Severity and Controllability

Matthes

Schmuck

Sikorski

2019

Political Psychology

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“…When individuals perceive that their physical and psychological well-being is threatened, they direct their attention towards sustaining the natural/social environment. Threats cause individuals to take a defensive posture [67]. Thus, it is proposed that:…”

Section: Perception Of Threat To the Natural/social Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing the Identification of Sustainable Opportunities by SMEs: Empirical Evidence from Zambia

et al. 2016

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Abstract:This study uses the model of Patzelt and Shepherd (2011) to examine the factors influencing the identification of sustainable opportunities among SMEs in a developing country, Zambia. The factors under investigation include knowledge of the natural/social environment, perception of threats to the natural/social environment, altruism towards others and entrepreneurial knowledge. We interviewed 220 owner-managers in the trading and service sector who supply goods and services to the mining industry in Zambia. We found that altruism towards others was partially supported by our empirical results while the positive effects of knowledge of the natural/social environment and perception of threats to the natural/social environment on the identification of sustainable opportunities were not supported. Contrary to our expectations, entrepreneurial knowledge does not positively moderate the relationship between explanatory variables and the identification of sustainable opportunities. In sum, we found only limited empirical support for the model of Patzelt and Shepherd (2011) concerning the identification of sustainable opportunities. Our findings contribute to literature on entrepreneurship and sustainable opportunity identification by showing what factors influence the identification of sustainable opportunities. This can help us to create awareness among entrepreneurs regarding the effects of entrepreneurial activities on the environment and society; consequently, stimulating entrepreneurs to identify sustainable opportunities.

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“…Studies addressing the former question have tested whether attitudes toward human and civil rights may be better conceived as unidimensional versus multidimensional in nature, with some studies suggesting that these attitudes can be differentiated into domains such as economic, political, equality, and privacy rights (Crowson, ; Diaz‐Veizades et al., ); as well as domains of rights endorsement, commitment, and restriction (McFarland & Matthews, ). Studies addressing the latter question have found that human and civil rights attitudes are predicted by a number of psychological and ideological correlates, including right‐wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation (Cohrs et al., ; Crowson, DeBacker, & Thoma, , ; McFarland & Matthews, ), universalism values (Cohrs et al., ), moral judgment development (Crowson & DeBacker, 2008b; Crowson, DeBacker, & Thoma, ; McFarland & Matthews, ; Narvaez, Getz, Rest, & Thoma, ), ethnocentrism (McFarland & Matthews, ), political conservatism (Crowson et al., ; McFarland & Matthews, ), and religious fundamentalism (Crowson & Brandes, ; Narvaez et al., ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Who opposes rights for persons with physical and intellectual disabilities?

Crowson

Brandes

Hurst

2013

J Applied Social Pyschol

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Research on human and civil rights has only rarely addressed people's attitudes toward disability rights in the context of American society. This study was designed to gain a better understanding of why certain individuals might oppose expanded rights for people who have disabilities. Pearson's correlations revealed that individuals high on social dominance orientation (SDO) and right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) were more likely to reject rights for persons with intellectual and physical disabilities than individuals scoring lower on these factors. Structural equation analyses indicated that both SDO and RWA are directly implicated in opposition to expanded rights for these groups. Moreover, the effects of SDO on rights attitudes appear to be mediated through internal motivation to respond without prejudice.Research on human and civil rights attitudes has tended to address two fundamental questions: What is the structure of those attitudes? (e.g., Crowson, 2004;Diaz-Veizades, Widaman, Little, & Gibbs, 1995;McFarland & Matthews, 2005); and What factors predict their endorsement? (e.g., Cohrs, Maes, Moschner, & Kielmann, 2007;Crowson & DeBacker, 2008a, 2008bDiaz-Veizades et al., 1995;McFarland & Matthews, 2005;Moghaddam & Vuksanovic, 1990). Studies addressing the former question have tested whether attitudes toward human and civil rights may be better conceived as unidimensional versus multidimensional in nature, with some studies suggesting that these attitudes can be differentiated into domains such as economic, political, equality, and privacy rights (Crowson, 2004;Diaz-Veizades et al., 1995); as well as domains of rights endorsement, commitment, and restriction (McFarland & Matthews, 2005). Studies addressing the latter question have found that human and civil rights attitudes are predicted by a number of psychological and ideological correlates, including right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation (Cohrs et al., 2007;Crowson, DeBacker, & Thoma, 2005, 2006McFarland & Matthews, 2005), universalism values (Cohrs et al., 2007), moral judgment development (Crowson & DeBacker, 2008b;Crowson, DeBacker, & Thoma, 2007;McFarland & Matthews, 2005;Narvaez, Getz, Rest, & Thoma, 1999), ethnocentrism (McFarland & Matthews, 2005, political conservatism McFarland & Matthews, 2005), and religious fundamentalism (Crowson & Brandes, 2008;Narvaez et al., 1999).With rare exceptions (e.g., Crowson & Brandes, 2008), many of the aforementioned studies have excluded attitudes pertaining to a group that has been historically marginalized within society: people with disabilities. Indeed, the prejudice and discrimination that people with disabilities face on a continual basis raises the question of whether or not these individuals are perceived by Americans as deserving of the rights that most citizens take for granted. A key aim of our research, therefore, is to strengthen our understanding of Americans' attitudes toward human and civil rights for people with disabilities, with particular emphasis on people wh...

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The Role of Authoritarianism, Perceived Threat, and Need for Closure or Structure in Predicting Post-9/11 Attitudes and Beliefs

Cited by 61 publications

References 50 publications

Terror, Terror Everywhere? How Terrorism News Shape Support for Anti‐Muslim Policies as a Function of Perceived Threat Severity and Controllability

Terror, Terror Everywhere? How Terrorism News Shape Support for Anti‐Muslim Policies as a Function of Perceived Threat Severity and Controllability

Factors Influencing the Identification of Sustainable Opportunities by SMEs: Empirical Evidence from Zambia

Who opposes rights for persons with physical and intellectual disabilities?

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