The role of Atlantic Ocean-atmosphere coupling in affecting North Atlantic oscillation variability

Czaja, Arnaud; Robertson, Andrew W.; Huck, Thierry

doi:10.1029/134gm07

Cited by 73 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…Various climate model simulations revealed that the ocean feeds back onto the atmosphere (e.g., Rodwell et al 1999;Metha et al 2000;Kushnir et al 2002). But in general, the ocean-atmosphere coupling can lead to an enhanced atmospheric low-frequency variability over the North Atlantic (for reviews see Kushnir et al 2002;Visbeck et al 2003;Czaja et al 2003). An atmospheric response to midlatitude SST anomalies in combination with the oceanic gyre circulation are conceived of enhancing the decadal variability of the NAO VOLUME 17 J O U R N A L O F C L I M A T E FIG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is broadly accepted that the passive response of the ocean is in agreement with the statistical climate model concept of Hasselmann (1976), but the active role of the ocean on the NAO dynamics is still open to debate. Studies based on observational data have shown that extratropical SST anomalies could force the atmospheric circulation (Czaja and Frankignoul 2002). Various climate model simulations revealed that the ocean feeds back onto the atmosphere (e.g., Rodwell et al 1999;Metha et al 2000;Kushnir et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vertical dashed-dotted lines mark the corresponding frequency ranges of the wavelet scales W1-W4. (Sutton and Allen 1997;Visbeck et al 1998;Grötzner et al 1998;Czaja et al 2003;Paeth et al 2003). The atmospheric variability may also be linked to variations in the thermohaline circulation (THC) on interdecadal time scales (Timmermann et al 1998;Eden and Jung 2001;Wu and Gordon 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Scale-Dependent Reconstruction of the NAO Index

Timm¹,

Ruprecht²,

Kleppek³

2004

J. Climate

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A method is presented to reconstruct decadal variations of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The spectral characteristics of the NAO on time scales of decades and longer are of particular interest for the understanding of North Atlantic ocean-atmosphere interactions. The reconstruction is based on a transfer model calibration that uses bandpass-filtered time series. The maximum overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) is applied for decomposing the time series variance into different time scales. A total of 43 proxies, including Greenland ice cores and European tree-ring chronologies, are selected and regionally grouped providing four independent reconstructions for the period 1700-1978. The mean reconstruction agrees well with two recently published reconstructions during most of the time period. However, there are considerable differences in the earliest part before 1750. Running correlations between the reconstructions indicate that time-dependent relations exist among the different NAO reconstructions. The results suggest that the geographical distribution of proxies strongly affects the reconstruction and could explain some of the apparent discrepancies among the reconstructions recently published in literature. In the early eighteenth century, external forcing (solar, volcanic) seems to mask the NAO signature within the proxies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Scale-Dependent Reconstruction of the NAO Index

Timm¹,

Ruprecht²,

Kleppek³

2004

J. Climate

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“…Actually, it can only be observed when significances of 90% are considered. The tripole is the leading pattern of SST variability in the North Atlantic (Czaja and Frankignoul, 1999;Marshall et al, 2001) and has been related with atmospheric circulation, and in particular with North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) pattern in winter (Czaja and Frankignoul, 2002;Czaja et al, 2003;Cassou et al, 2004b). In particular, the two northern lobes could affect the storm track, while the southern lobe could affect Hadley circulation (Czaja et al, 2003;Losada et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between monthly rainfall in northwest Iberian Peninsula and North Atlantic sea surface temperature

Lorenzo

Iglésias

Taboada³

et al. 2009

Intl Journal of Climatology

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This study assesses the relationship between monthly North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) and a regional index of rainfall (NWIPR) in northwest Iberian Peninsula during the period 1951-2006 by means of the Pearson product-moment correlation. Results show a strong influence of SSTA on NWIPR in several months (February, April, May, October and December). The observed persistence of this influence up to 2-months in advance can be used for monthly predictions of rainfall. The most significant areas of the North Atlantic were clustered to be used as input variables in linear regression models. Correlations up to 0.59 between observed and predicted rainfall anomalies were obtained. Predictability ranged from 76 to 86% when considering rainfall as a discrete predictand.

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“…One of the conceivable causes of such longterm variation is modulation by interactions with the ocean that has large thermal and dynamical inertia. Numerous studies (Czaja et al 2003, and references there in) investigated association of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), considered as an essential part of the NAM, with the oceanic variation in the North Atlantic. It is still an open question whether the atmosphere-ocean coupled variability can fully explain the observed decadal variation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annular Modes Forced from the Stratosphere and Interactions with the Oceans

Yukimoto¹,

Kodera

2007

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Long time-scale variations of the climate system can be induced by forcings loaded onto the stratosphere, such as increase of carbon dioxide, solar activity, and volcanic eruption, which is possibly modulated by the interaction with the oceans. Spatial structure of the atmospheric response resembles the Northern Annular Mode (NAM) in an experiment of a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model with a westerly momentum forcing in the winter midlatitude stratosphere. The atmospheric response further induces distinctive patterns of the sea surface temperature (SST) change in the Atlantic and the Pacific, which are reminiscent of the observed decadal to interdecadal variability dominant in each basin. Investigation of oceanic feedback with the atmospheric model forced by the SST change suggests that the oceanic response has positive feedback effects on the NAM-like atmospheric structure, implying enforcement or maintenance of the response to the stratospheric forcing. The positive feedback effect in the Atlantic is significant in winter, while that in the Pacific is significant in spring.

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The role of Atlantic Ocean-atmosphere coupling in affecting North Atlantic oscillation variability

Cited by 73 publications

References 144 publications

Scale-Dependent Reconstruction of the NAO Index

Scale-Dependent Reconstruction of the NAO Index

Relationship between monthly rainfall in northwest Iberian Peninsula and North Atlantic sea surface temperature

Annular Modes Forced from the Stratosphere and Interactions with the Oceans

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