The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Future Rehabilitation Services: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Artificial intelligence technologies are considered crucial in supporting a decentralized model of care in which therapeutic interventions are provided from a distance. In the last years, various approaches have been proposed to support remote monitoring and smart assistance in rehabilitation services. A comprehensive state-of-the-art of machine learning methods and applications is presented in this review. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search strategy was led in PubMed, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore databases. The search yielded 519 records, resulting in 35 articles included in this study. Supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms were identified. Unobtrusive capture motion technologies have been identified as strategic applications to support remote and smart monitoring. The most addressed tasks by algorithms were activity recognition, movement classification, and clinical status prediction. Some authors evidenced drawbacks concerning the low generalizability of the results retrieved. Artificial intelligence-based applications are likely to impact the delivery of decentralized rehabilitation services by providing broad access to sustained and high-quality therapy. Future efforts are needed to validate artificial intelligence technologies in specific clinical populations and evaluate results reliability in remote conditions and home-based settings. INDEX TERMS Digital therapeutics, e-health, remote monitoring, intelligent systems, deep learning, machine learning.

An AI-based prosthesis framework fostering an adaptive amputee healthcare service

“…Additionally, our research team has continued to delve into PSS approaches in healthcare that exploit AI. Our findings have shown that there is research being done in the filed of AI in rehabilitation (Davenport and Kalakota, 2019;Neuhüttler et al, 2020;Preidel and Stark, 2021;Aranda-Muñoz et al, 2022;Mennella et al, 2023) and AI in prosthetics and orthotics (Mai and Commuri, 2013;Kidziński et al, 2019;Nayak and Kumar Das, 2020;. To date, no explicit PSS literature (with or without the use of AI) concerning amputee aftercare, their evolving needs or the manufacture, distribution, ownership and use of prosthetics has been found.…”

Ethical and regulatory challenges of AI technologies in healthcare: A narrative review

“…However, applications of AI are still relatively new and AI is not yet routinely used in clinical decision-making. Few of these systems have been evaluated in clinical studies [23] .…”

“…Due to remarkable technological advancements, AI has ushered in innovative applications within the realm of care assistive [23] . Significant progress was made in wearable devices capable of measuring physiological changes and facilitating real-time patient monitoring [47] .…”

Enhancing Patient Rehabilitation Outcomes: Artificial Intelligence-Driven Predictive Modeling for Home Discharge in Neurological and Orthopedic Conditions

“…Several studies discuss the potential of AI in rehabilitation, including its use in assisting rehabilitation sessions, evaluating treatment progress, and providing prognosis regarding the risk of complications or treatment success. These advancements in AI have the potential to improve decision-making, develop precision medicine tools, and optimize rehabilitation programs [4][5][6]. Determining the rehabilitative protocol to use, depending on the patient's medical history and clinical features, is a fundamental purpose.…”