The Role of Area 17 in Visual Imagery: Convergent Evidence from PET and rTMS

Kosslyn, Stephen M.; Pascual‐Leone, Álvaro; Félician, Olivier; Camposano, Susana; Keenan, Julian Paul; Thompson, William L.; Ganis, Giorgio; Sukel, Katherine E.; Alpert, Nathaniel M.

doi:10.1126/science.284.5411.167

Cited by 640 publications

(399 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For example, one can use the model to synthesize novel "scenes". In the context of cortical networks, this is consistent with the ideas that early visual cortical areas are involved in generating visual mental imagery [27,28]. The ability to use the framework to infer, discriminate, synthesize, compress etc.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Bayesian Networks for Modeling Cortical Integration

Akay

2006

Handbook of Neural Engineering

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Bayesian Networks for Modeling Cortical Integration

Akay

2006

Handbook of Neural Engineering

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“…The reduction in activity in BAs 17, 18 and 19 during Zazen suggests reduced visual imagery (Kosslyn et al 1993(Kosslyn et al , 1999. This is especially noteworthy since our practitioners had their eyes only two-thirds closed during Zazen compared to having them completely closed during resting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Zazen meditation and no-task resting EEG compared with LORETA intracortical source localization

Faber¹,

Lehmann²,

Gianotti

et al. 2014

Cogn Process

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Meditation is a self-induced and willfully initiated practice that alters the state of consciousness. The meditation practice of Zazen, like many other meditation practices, aims at disregarding intrusive thoughts while controlling body posture. It is an open monitoring meditation characterized by detached moment-to-moment awareness and reduced conceptual thinking and self-reference. Which brain areas differ in electric activity during Zazen compared to task-free resting? Since scalp electroencephalography (EEG) waveforms are reference-dependent, conclusions about the localization of active brain areas are ambiguous. Computing intracerebral source models from the scalp EEG data solves this problem. In the present study we applied source modeling using low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) to 58-channel scalp EEG data recorded from 15 experienced Zen meditators during Zazen and no-task resting. Zazen compared to no-task resting showed increased alpha-1 and alpha-2 frequency activity in an exclusively right-lateralized cluster extending from prefrontal areas including the insula to parts of the somatosensory and motor cortices and temporal areas. Zazen also showed decreased alpha and beta-2 activity in the left angular gyrus and decreased beta-1 and beta-2 activity in a large bilateral posterior cluster comprising the visual cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex and the parietal cortex. The results include parts of the default mode network and suggest enhanced automatic memory and emotion processing, reduced conceptual thinking and self-reference on a less judgmental, i.e., more detached moment-to-moment basis during Zazen compared to no-task resting. Computing intracerebral source models from the scalp EEG data solves this problem. In the present study we applied source modeling using low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) to 58-channel scalp EEG data recorded from 15 experienced Zen meditators during Zazen and no-task resting. Zazen compared to no-task resting showed increased alpha-1 and alpha-2 frequency activity in an exclusively right-lateralized cluster extending from prefrontal areas including the insula to parts of the somatosensory and motor cortices and temporal areas. Zazen also showed decreased alpha and beta-2 activity in the left angular gyrus and decreased beta-1 and beta-2 activity in a large bilateral posterior cluster comprising the visual cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex and the parietal cortex. The results include parts of the default mode network and suggest enhanced automatic memory and emotion processing, reduced conceptual thinking and self-reference on a less judgmental, i.e., more detached moment-to-moment basis during Zazen compared to no-task resting.

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“…Controversy persists about such activation of the primary visual area during visual mental imagery. Some studies [13,24,25] have reported activation during tasks requiring visual mental imagery of objects, while others [28] have not found such evidence. However, a recent study [29] has highlighted the influence of learning modality upon these effects, with visually learnt images producing less activation in the early visual cortex than images produced by verbal description, as in the present investigation.…”

Section: Creative -Uncreative Contrastsmentioning

confidence: 99%