The Role of Architectural Considerations in Seismic Performance of Buildings: A Case Study in Iran

Abstract

Experience from recent earthquakes such as Gilan, Zanjan, Bam and Lorestan earthquakes in Iran indicated that the constructed buildings are vulnerable against earthquake. Vulnerability of these structures is due to various reasons such as designing without considering seismic regulations, problems of regulations (design goals), implementation problems, changing of the building occupancy class, increasing the weight of building stories, adding new stories to the building and changing in architecture of building without considering structural system. So the main objective of this research is to examine the features of building configuration and their effects as for the damages to buildings in past earthquakes. For this purpose, initially four occurred earthquakes in Iran are selected as case study. Then three types of buildings (steel structure, concrete structure and masonry buildings) are analyzed with details. Results showed that the most of damages are occurred in the old steel structures and masonry buildings which their ages are more than 25 years. The study showed that most of the buildings in the study area are steel structure and masonry buildings while concrete structures are infrequent which most of them had no or slight damages. Therefore, the importance and need to enhance the performance of available buildings against earthquake forces by rehabilitating methods would be more important than before. Also results indicated that the decisions related to architectural plan which have significant effect on seismic performance of buildings, can be divided into three categories: configuration of building, restrictive formal architectural plan and dangerous structural components, as these categories are not obstacle of each other, it is possible that each category has an influential effect on others. So organizing the design decisions in this way is very important so as to manage their effects and interdependencies.

Electrodeposition of Ni and Ni-Al2O3 Composite Coatings on Q345 Steels under Different Current Densities

“…However, compared with the Ni coated samples, under the same electrodeposition current density, the Ni-Al2O3 coated samples exhibited a larger corrosion current density. It indicates that the co-deposition of Al2O3 nanoparticles declined the corrosion resistance of Ni coating, and similar phenomena have also been observed in the literature [25,34,35]. Several studies regard that whether the incorporation of alumina nanoparticles can enhance the corrosion resistance of coating depends on their distribution within the coating [14,18] .…”