The Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Alleviation of Salt Stress

Latef, Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel; Miransari, Mohammad

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0721-2_2

Cited by 50 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(124 reference statements)

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“…To overcome the negative impacts of salt stress-induced osmotic stress, plants produce higher levels of osmolytes in the cytosol and other organelles ( Abdel Latef and Miransari, 2014 ). In the present study, a similar accumulation trend of proline, GB, total soluble proteins and total soluble sugars was recorded in chickpea leaves under NaCl stress ( Table 2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric Oxide Mitigates Salt Stress by Regulating Levels of Osmolytes and Antioxidant Enzymes in Chickpea

Ahmad¹,

et al. 2016

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This work was designed to evaluate whether external application of nitric oxide (NO) in the form of its donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) could mitigate the deleterious effects of NaCl stress on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plants. SNAP (50 μM) was applied to chickpea plants grown under non-saline and saline conditions (50 and 100 mM NaCl). Salt stress inhibited growth and biomass yield, leaf relative water content (LRWC) and chlorophyll content of chickpea plants. High salinity increased electrolyte leakage, carotenoid content and the levels of osmolytes (proline, glycine betaine, soluble proteins and soluble sugars), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase in chickpea plants. Expression of the representative SOD, CAT and APX genes examined was also up-regulated in chickpea plants by salt stress. On the other hand, exogenous application of NO to salinized plants enhanced the growth parameters, LRWC, photosynthetic pigment production and levels of osmolytes, as well as the activities of examined antioxidant enzymes which is correlated with up-regulation of the examined SOD, CAT and APX genes, in comparison with plants treated with NaCl only. Furthermore, electrolyte leakage, H2O2 and MDA contents showed decline in salt-stressed plants supplemented with NO as compared with those in NaCl-treated plants alone. Thus, the exogenous application of NO protected chickpea plants against salt stress-induced oxidative damage by enhancing the biosyntheses of antioxidant enzymes, thereby improving plant growth under saline stress. Taken together, our results demonstrate that NO has capability to mitigate the adverse effects of high salinity on chickpea plants by improving LRWC, photosynthetic pigment biosyntheses, osmolyte accumulation and antioxidative defense system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric Oxide Mitigates Salt Stress by Regulating Levels of Osmolytes and Antioxidant Enzymes in Chickpea

Ahmad¹,

et al. 2016

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“…Plants modulate the mechanisms of self-defense through the accumulation of various osmolytes to reduce the negative impact of salt stress [ 75 ]. In the current research, salt stress reduced soluble proteins and soluble sugars, but increased proline and Glycine betaine (GB) to accumulate in the soybean plant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan Modified Biochar Increases Soybean (Glycine max L.) Resistance to Salt-Stress by Augmenting Root Morphology, Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms and the Expression of Stress-Responsive Genes

Mehmood

Ahmed

Ikram

et al. 2020

Plants

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Soybean is an important oilseed crop that provides high-quality protein and vegetable oil. Salinity constitutes a negative abiotic factor that reduces soybean plant growth, production, and quality. The adsorption of Na+ by chitosan-modified biochar (CMB) has a significant effect on salinity but the application of CMB is limited in soybean. In the current study, CMB was used for characterization of physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of soybean under salt stress. Comparison of CMB and unmodified (as-is) biochar (BR) demonstrated a significant difference between them shown by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scan electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), elemental analysis and z-potential measurement. Pseudo-first and second-order better suited for the analysis of Na+ adsorption kinetics. The salt-stress reduced the soybean plants growth, root architecture characteristics, biomass yield, nutrients acquisition, chlorophyll contents, soluble protein, and sugar contents, while CMB with salt-stress significantly increased the above parameters. Moreover, CMB also reduced the salinity-induced increase in the Na+, glycine betaine (GB), proline, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in plants. The antioxidant activity and gene expression levels triggered by salinity but with the application of CMB significantly further boosted the expression profile of four genes (CAT, APX, POD and SOD) encoding antioxidant enzyme and two salt-tolerant conferring genes (GmSALT3 and CHS). Overall, these findings demonstrate the crucial role of CMB in minimizing the adverse effects of high salinity on soybean growth and efficiency of the mechanisms enabling plant protection from salinity through a shift of the architecture of the root system and enhancing the antioxidant defense systems and stress-responsive genes for achieving sustainable crop production.

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“…In many regions of the world, high soil salinity affects plants, compounding the effects of pedospheric and atmospheric water deficits recurrently faced by plants throughout their life cycle (Chaves et al, 2009). Salt stress adversely affect plant growth by disturbing the physiological mechanisms including reduction of cell water potential, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, gas exchange, and disruption of membrane integrity among others (Abdel Latef and Miransari, 2014) through ionic toxicity and osmotic stress (Zhang and Shi, 2013; Pan et al, 2016). Interaction of AMF with plants could alleviate salt stress-induced reduction in plant health, productivity, leaf area, and biomass together with improved root to shoot dry mass ratio (Sheng et al, 2008; Hajiboland et al, 2010; Yang et al, 2016; Elhindi et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Photosynthesis, Water Status, and Gas Exchange of Plants Under Salt Stress–A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2019

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Soil salinization is one of the most serious abiotic stress factors affecting plant productivity through reduction of soil water potential, decreasing the absorptive capacity of the roots for water and nutrients. A weighted meta-analysis was conducted to study the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation in alleviating salt stress in C 3 and C 4 plants. We analyzed the salt stress influence on seven independent variables such as chlorophyll, leaf area, photosynthetic rate ( Amax ), stomatal conductance ( Gs ), transpiration rate ( E ), relative water content (RWC), and water use efficiency (WUE) on AMF inoculated plants. Responses were compared between C 3 and C 4 plants, AMF species, plant functional groups, level of salinity, and environmental conditions. Our results showed that AMF inoculated plants had a positive impact on gas exchange and water status under salt stress. The total chlorophyll contents of C 3 plants were higher than C 4 plants. However, C 3 plants responses regarding Gs, Amax , and E were more positive compared to C 4 plants. The increase in G s mainly maintained E and it explains the increase in Amax and increase in E . When the two major AMF species ( Rhizophagus intraradices and Funnelliformis mosseae ) were considered, the effect sizes of RWC and WUE in R. intraradices were lower than those in F. mosseae indicating that F. mosseae inoculated plants performed better under salt stress. In terms of C 3 and C 4 plant photosynthetic pathways, the effect size of C 4 was lower than C 3 plants indicating that AMF inoculation more effectively alleviated salt stress in C 3 compared to C 4 plants.

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The Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Alleviation of Salt Stress

Cited by 50 publications

References 85 publications

Nitric Oxide Mitigates Salt Stress by Regulating Levels of Osmolytes and Antioxidant Enzymes in Chickpea

Nitric Oxide Mitigates Salt Stress by Regulating Levels of Osmolytes and Antioxidant Enzymes in Chickpea

Chitosan Modified Biochar Increases Soybean (Glycine max L.) Resistance to Salt-Stress by Augmenting Root Morphology, Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms and the Expression of Stress-Responsive Genes

Impact of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Photosynthesis, Water Status, and Gas Exchange of Plants Under Salt Stress–A Meta-Analysis

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