The Role of Aquatic Plants and Microorganisms in Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the ability of microorganism populations and two aquatic plant species (water hyacinth -Eichhornia crassipes Solms and water morning glory -Ipomoea aquatica) to treat domestic wastewater in Nhue Giang pond, Tay Mo village, Tu Liem District, Hanoi City in Vietnam. The results showed that microorganism populations in the pond water contained all of groups of microorganisms including bacteria, Actinomycetes, mold and yeast. In water inlet and outlet samples, bacteria has the largest number in population (2.1x10 6 and 8.7x10 5 CFU/mL at inlet and outlet), accounting for 99.91% of total microorganisms. Regarding the number of microorganisms attached on roots of aquatic plants, the highest number was recorded for bacteria, while the numbers of Actinomycetes, mold and yeast were quite small. The total number of microorganisms attached on water hyacinth roots is 2.5x10 6 CFU/g and 1.5x10 6 CFU/g (at inlet and outlet sample) higher than that on water morning glory roots in both sampling sites. The wastewater treatment efficiency for TSS, COD, NH 4 + and PO 4 3-parameters at the site without aquatic plants was in the range of 1% to 5% only, while treatment efficiency for those parameters at location with aquatic plants was much higher. Particularly, it was in range of 37.8% -53.3% for TSS; 44.4% -53.4% for COD; 56.7% -61.4% for PO 4 3-and 26.8% -32.6% for NH 4 + . All the lower values belonged to water morning glory sample and the higher values belonged to water hyacinth sample at the outlet.

Ammoniacal nitrogen removal by Eichhornia crassipes-based phytoremediation: process optimization using response surface methodology

“…Eichhornia crasssipes, commonly known as water hyacinth, is recommended as the AN phytoremediating candidate due to its characteristics such as fast growth rate, high nitrogen uptake capacity, easy to control and great adaptability to various wastewater environments (Ting et al 2018). Besides, E. crasssipes also showed superior nitrogen removal efficiency compared to other macrophytes, such as Pistia stratiotes L. (Shah et al 2014;Qin et al 2016), Myriophyllum aquaticum Verdc (Shah et al 2014), Ipomoea aquatica (Loan et al 2014), Salvinia natans (Kumari and Tripathi 2013). Apart from the efficiency in AN removal, floating species such as E. crasssipes is more convenient and less expensive to be harvested compared to small plants (e.g., phytoplankton) or submerged plants (Valipour et al 2015).…”

Efficiency of Eichhornia crassipes in the treatment of raw kitchen wastewater

“…2). Loan et al [24] indicated that treatment efficiency of EC was 53.3% for TSS, 53.4% for chemical oxygen demand, 61.4% for phosphate phosphorous and 32.6% for ammonium nitrogen after 21 days. Valipour et al [18] showed that the reduction efficiency of EC was 73.02% for TSS, 79% for chemical oxygen demand and 86.42% for BOD 5 at a hydraulic retention time of 14 h. Kim et al [14] and Valipour et al [18] stated that while suspended solids try to pass through the plant roots, it can be trapped and become metabolized by micro-organisms as the roots of floating plants act as support for microbial growth, or it eventually settled due to the force of gravity.…”

“…The performance of EC was also evaluated for domestic wastewater collected from stabilized pond [14][15][16], raw sewage from municipal wastewater treatment plant [17,18], synthetic medium and groundwater [19], sewage from the aerated lagoon [20], raw wastewater from fish farm [21], dye wastewater [22], oily river water [23], domestic wastewater [24], dairy wastewater [25] and river water [26].…”

Fikoremediasi Kualitas Lindi TPA Jatibarang Terhadap Efektifitas Lemna minor L dan Ipomoea aquatica Forkks

“…L.minor dapat menurunkan konsentrasi BOD dan COD pada limbah domestik 76, 54 % pada konsentrasi limbah 50%, dan 72,44 % pada konsentrasi 20% (Endro, et al 2010 I.aquatica dapat menurunkan kandungan COD, BOD dalam waktu 72 jam pada limbah tekstil (Rane et al, 2016). I.aquatica juga mampu mengurangi berbagai polutan organik dan logam yang sangat beracun (Loan, et al 2014). Akumulasi logam berat Pb pada kangkung air yang tumbuh pada aliran air lindi jarak 50 meter lebih besar dibandingkan nilai Pb dengan jarak 100 meter sebesar 0,182 mg/L dan 0,125 mg/L, dengan nilai BAF 1,39 dan 1 yang termasuk tanaman hiperakumulator (Pertiwi, 2016).…”