The Role of Aptamer Loaded Exosome Complexes in the Neurodegenerative Diseases

Sekhon, Simranjeet Singh; Ahn, Gna; Park, Ga-Young; Park, Dae Young; Lee, Sang‐Hee; Ahn, Ji‐Young; Kim, Yang‐Hoon

doi:10.1007/s13530-019-0392-6

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…However, sporadic is more common, corresponding to over 90% of AD cases. AD is linked to a set of memory and cognitive disabilities that progress along the disease course, including primarily minor loss of short-term memory, which advances to mood swings, agitation, irritability and aggressive behavior, sequential aphasia, and long-term memory loss, followed by a moderate reduction in vital functions [ 1 , 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Being Pathological Players to Potential Diagnostics and Therapeutics

Soliman

Ghonaim

Gharib

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Exosomes (EXOs) were given attention as an extracellular vesicle (EV) with a pivotal pathophysiological role in the development of certain neurodegenerative disorders (NDD), such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). EXOs have shown the potential to carry pathological and therapeutic cargo; thus, researchers have harnessed EXOs in drug delivery applications. EXOs have shown low immunogenicity as natural drug delivery vehicles, thus ensuring efficient drug delivery without causing significant adverse reactions. Recently, EXOs provided potential drug delivery opportunities in AD and promising future clinical applications with the diagnosis of NDD and were studied for their usefulness in disease detection and prediction prior to the emergence of symptoms. In the future, the microfluidics technique will play an essential role in isolating and detecting EXOs to diagnose AD before the development of advanced symptoms. This review is not reiterative literature but will discuss why EXOs have strong potential in treating AD and how they can be used as a tool to predict and diagnose this disorder.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Being Pathological Players to Potential Diagnostics and Therapeutics

Soliman

Ghonaim

Gharib

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Exosomes are defined as naturally released membrane particles from the cell, including prokaryote and eukaryote, composition of lipid bilayer, and none replicate 14 . Exosome originate in specific compartments within the cell, termed multivesicular bodies (MVBs), and they are characterized by a size of 30 -100 nm in diameter 15 . The exosome contains a variety of substances, such as proteins, miRNAs, RNA, and DNA that are the source of the parent cells 16,17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifaceted effects of milk-exosomes (Mi-Exo) as a modulator of scar-free wound healing

2021

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“…In studying these oligonucleotide therapeutics, researchers simultaneously work to overcome challenges that occur in treatments such as non-specific delivery of therapeutic RNAs, stimulation of immunogenicity by delivered RNAs or its carriers, risk of degradation by extracellular nucleases, or finding a suitable vector to deliver the therapeutic agent [69,70,73]. One possible solution to that problem seems to be employing exosomes as carriers of therapeutic factors [64,[74][75][76][77]. Exosomes were reported to effectively deliver therapeutic cargo for cancer treatment [70,77], neurodegenerative diseases [65,78] and virus infections including COVID-19 [79,80].…”

Section: Potential Medical Applications Of Functional Rna Aptamers (Frnaa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of RNA Motifs in RNA Interaction with Membrane Lipid Rafts: Implications for Therapeutic Applications of Exosomal RNAs

Mańka

Janas

Sapoń

et al. 2021

IJMS

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RNA motifs may promote interactions with exosomes (EXO-motifs) and lipid rafts (RAFT-motifs) that are enriched in exosomal membranes. These interactions can promote selective RNA loading into exosomes. We quantified the affinity between RNA aptamers containing various EXO- and RAFT-motifs and membrane lipid rafts in a liposome model of exosomes by determining the dissociation constants. Analysis of the secondary structure of RNA molecules provided data about the possible location of EXO- and RAFT-motifs within the RNA structure. The affinity of RNAs containing RAFT-motifs (UUGU, UCCC, CUCC, CCCU) and some EXO-motifs (CCCU, UCCU) to rafted liposomes is higher in comparison to aptamers without these motifs, suggesting direct RNA-exosome interaction. We have confirmed these results through the determination of the dissociation constant values of exosome-RNA aptamer complexes. RNAs containing EXO-motifs GGAG or UGAG have substantially lower affinity to lipid rafts, suggesting indirect RNA-exosome interaction via RNA binding proteins. Bioinformatics analysis revealed RNA aptamers containing both raft- and miRNA-binding motifs and involvement of raft-binding motifs UCCCU and CUCCC. A strategy is proposed for using functional RNA aptamers (fRNAa) containing both RAFT-motif and a therapeutic motif (e.g., miRNA inhibitor) to selectively introduce RNAs into exosomes for fRNAa delivery to target cells for personalized therapy.

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The Role of Aptamer Loaded Exosome Complexes in the Neurodegenerative Diseases

Cited by 14 publications

References 61 publications

Exosomes in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Being Pathological Players to Potential Diagnostics and Therapeutics

Exosomes in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Being Pathological Players to Potential Diagnostics and Therapeutics

Multifaceted effects of milk-exosomes (Mi-Exo) as a modulator of scar-free wound healing

Role of RNA Motifs in RNA Interaction with Membrane Lipid Rafts: Implications for Therapeutic Applications of Exosomal RNAs

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