The role of anxious attachment in the continuation of abusive relationships: The potential for strengthening a secure attachment schema as a tool of empowerment

Kural, Ayşe I.; Kovács, Mónika

doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103537

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…These results allow aid professionals and institutions to have deep knowledge about adult attachment as a risk or vulnerability factor, as pointed out by Almeida et al (2019) in a sample with IPV offenders and other studies (e.g., Doumas et al 2008;Holtzworth-Munroe et al 1997;Koral and Kovacs 2022;Sandberg et al 2019;Smith and Stover 2016). Like the literature that analyzes the relationship between attachment and IPV, the results of the present study make perfect sense since women who have an insecure attachment are described as emotionally dependent, which is consistent with the notion that they have attachment problems (Dutton et al 1994;Hazan and Shaver 1987;Henderson et al 2005), requiring better individual understanding to predict future relational dynamics Gormley 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Attachment is pointed out as an IPV risk or vulnerability factor (e.g., Doumas et al 2008;Holtzworth-Munroe et al 1997;Koral and Kovacs 2022;Sandberg et al 2019;Smith and Stover 2016) because it focuses on the development models acquired during childhood and the role that plays in interpersonal relationships throughout the life cycle (Almeida et al 2019;Roberts and Noller 1998), which can lead to difficulties in intimate relationships (Hazan and Shaver 1987;Holtzworth-Munroe et al 1997;Rholes et al 1998), and a higher probability of IPV (Dutton and White 2012;Dutton et al 1994;Mahalik et al 2005;Velotti et al 2018), especially from the victim's perspective (Bonache et al 2019), because women have a greater probability of being exposed to emotional and physical violence and have few protective factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Violence against Women: Attachment, Psychopathology, and Beliefs in Intimate Partner Violence

Almeida

Nobre²,

Marques³

et al. 2023

Social Sciences

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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a violation of women’s human rights. Attachment is an IPV risk or vulnerability factor, in part because of the role that it plays in interpersonal relationships. An insecure attachment can predispose women victims to psychological maladjustment, which can reflect psychopathology. Likewise, our general society reveals beliefs that support and legitimize IPV. Thus, this study examined the relationship between adult attachment, psychopathology, and IPV beliefs. Our sample comprises 158 women IPV victims, aged between 18 and 73 years old. The psychological assessment tools Experiences in Close Relationships, Brief Symptom Inventory, and Scale of Beliefs about Marital Violence were used. All ethical issues had been taken due to the sensitive nature of the involved data. The results showed that most victims had a secure attachment style, and it may be an indicator that these women possibly had safe experiences with an attachment figure leading to reduced anxious state attachment in adult relationships. The results show a positive association between adult attachment and psychopathology, as well as between attachment and beliefs about violence. Globally, attachment is related to psychopathology and IPV beliefs. These results allow aid professionals and institutions to have deep knowledge about adult attachment as a risk or vulnerability factor for IPV and the adverse consequences of this phenomenon. IPV requires urgent attention since is the greatest threat to the health and safety of women around the world.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violence against Women: Attachment, Psychopathology, and Beliefs in Intimate Partner Violence

Almeida

Nobre²,

Marques³

et al. 2023

Social Sciences

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“…First, individuals with good interpersonal relationships can receive adequate support and understanding, which helps relieve feelings of stress and anxiety ( Costa et al, 2022 ). Second, feelings of intimacy and trust in interpersonal relationships can provide emotional security and reduce anxiety ( Kural and Kovacs, 2022 ). Therefore, this study hypothesized that interpersonal relationships mediated the relationship between subjective exercise experience and anxiety disorder of freshmen; that is, subjective exercise experience alleviated anxiety by improving individual interpersonal relationships.…”

Section: Literature Review and Research Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of subjective exercise experience on anxiety disorder in university freshmen: the chain-mediated role of self-efficacy and interpersonal relationship

Xiang,

Gao,

Gao

2024

Front. Psychol.

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BackgroundAnxiety disorder is a significant concern in the context of mental health among university students. This study aimed to examine the impact of subjective exercise experience on anxiety disorder in freshmen and verify the mediating role of self-efficacy and interpersonal relationships between them.MethodsA total of 1,308 Chinese freshmen underwent an investigation using the Subjective Exercise Experience Scale (SEES), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and Interpersonal Relationship Comprehensive Diagnostic Scale (IRIDS).ResultsThe outcomes of this study are as follows: (1) Boys exhibited marginally greater performance in physical activity assessments compared to girls while displaying somewhat lower scores than girls in measures of anxiety disorders, self-efficacy, and interpersonal relationship tests. Of these, 63.39% were diagnosed with mild anxiety, 51.73% were diagnosed with moderate anxiety, and 10% were diagnosed with severe anxiety; (2) The subjective exercise experience had a significant negative correlation with an anxiety disorder (r = −0.36, p < 0.01), and the subjective exercise experience had a direct negative impact on anxiety disorder (β = −0.112, t = −11.776, p < 0.01). Furthermore, subjective exercise experience positively predicted self-efficacy (β = 0.125, t = 13.236, p < 0.01) and interpersonal relationship (β = 0.395, t = 12.359, p < 0.01). Self-efficacy had a substantial impact on interpersonal relationships (β = 0.724, t = 12.172, p < 0.01) and anxiety disorders (β = −0.148, t = −8.387, p < 0.01). Interpersonal relationships had a significant positive predictive effect on anxiety disorder (β = −0.081, t = −10.441, p < 0.01); (3) Self-efficacy and interpersonal relationships were identified as important mediators between subjective exercise experience and anxiety disorder. The intermediary effect accounted for 18.84% of the total effect. Specifically, subjective exercise had a direct impact on anxiety disorders through self-efficacy mediators (2.90%), interpersonal mediators (1.45%), and self-efficacy and interpersonal chain mediators (14.49%).ConclusionSubjective exercise experience has a significant positive predictive effect on university students’ self-efficacy, interpersonal relationships, and anxiety disorder. Moreover, self-efficacy and interpersonal interactions serve as intermediaries between subjective exercise experiences and anxiety disorders. These findings have immense importance in advancing the mental well-being of freshmen and serve as a theoretical foundation for formulating intervention strategies. However, the study had certain limitations, such as the specificity of the sample and the use of self-reported data. Further research could enhance the sample size and utilize various assessment techniques to validate these findings.

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“…In this regard, Eagle is only to be commended for devoting some of his time to clinical work with women who have been abused, individuals who badly need our help, but he describes many encounters with women who seem to be unable to leave their abusive partners, women who seem to be making this bad choice because they are reenacting traumatic or abusive relationships from childhood. No doubt almost any clinician, psychoanalytic or not, has encountered patients who seem unable to leave their abusers and who reenact childhood victimization in adulthood, but here there is a large empirical literature, which Eagle does not cite, on all the factors, only one of them a history of insecure attachment (Allison et al, 2008; Block, 2003; Dutton & White, 2012; Henderson et al, 2005; Kural & Kovacs, 2022; Ponti & Tani, 2019) that is consistent with Fairbairn’s theory and also with van der Kolk’s (1989) analysis of the neurobiology underlying the compulsion to repeat traumatizing relationships, for why abused persons do not just leave abusive situations. Perhaps the chief nonpsychodynamic reason among them is the attempt to leave an abusive partner, who is usually male, greatly increases the danger of physical harm or death to the person leaving (Campbell et al, 2003; Smith et al, 2014; Tjaden & Thoennes, 2000), who is usually female, and the ability to leave also depends upon having resources like independent finances, a support network, and a safe place to go (Anderson & Saunders, 2003; Baker et al, 2010; Barnett, 2000, 2001; Matjasko et al, 2013), all of these thing in short supply for most persons involved in abusive relationships.…”

Section: Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Core Concepts in Classical Psychoanalysis: Clinical, Research Evidence and Conceptual Critiques.

Auerbach¹

2023

Psychoanalytic Psychology

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The role of anxious attachment in the continuation of abusive relationships: The potential for strengthening a secure attachment schema as a tool of empowerment

Cited by 10 publications

References 54 publications

Violence against Women: Attachment, Psychopathology, and Beliefs in Intimate Partner Violence

Violence against Women: Attachment, Psychopathology, and Beliefs in Intimate Partner Violence

The effect of subjective exercise experience on anxiety disorder in university freshmen: the chain-mediated role of self-efficacy and interpersonal relationship

Review of Core Concepts in Classical Psychoanalysis: Clinical, Research Evidence and Conceptual Critiques.

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