The Role of Antioxidants in the Management of Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder

Objectives: Recent studies have shown that the distribution of the tryptophan/kynurenine pathway (KP) plays a role in the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We aimed to reveal the relationship between CYP1A1 rs464903 and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) rs10249788 associated with the KP and interferon gamma (IFN γ) and oxidative stress in OCD. Methods: In our study, the serum and DNAs of 150 samples, including 100 OCD patients and 50 controls, were used. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the levels of IFN γ, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), tryptophan, and kynurenine were determined by biochemical methods. AhR rs10249788 and cytochrome P450 family CYP1A1 rs4646903, which interact directly with the KP, were analysed by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: There were no significant differences between groups in CYP1A1 rs4646903 and AhR rs10249788 while tryptophan and IFN γ were found to be higher in controls (p < 0.001, for both), and TBARS and indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase were found to be higher in OCD (p < 0.001, for both). There were significant correlations between IFN γ and TBARS and GSH-Px (p = 0.028, p = 0.020, respectively) in the OCD group. Conclusions: For the first time studied in OCD, it has been shown that IFN γ, tryptophan, oxidative stress parameters, and gene variants of CYP1A1 rs4646903 anAhR rs10249788 are shown effective on the KP.

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A Review on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Neurotransmitters, Biomarkers and Pharmacotherapy

Singh,

Majhi,

Kataria

2023

CIS

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Around 2.5% of persons will experience obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which has a significant morbidity. About 70% of individuals might have significant symptom relief with the correct medicine. Pharmacological therapy is based on a class of drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). They are frequently given in higher doses and for longer durations compared to depression. Unfortunately, remission is not common. Second-line therapy that combines tricyclic clomipramine with low-dose neuroleptics is successful. For patients who are resistant to effective therapies, several augmentation procedures have been investigated, although they have not yet received strong support from controlled research. Psychotherapy and medication are frequently combined, however, thorough research has not shown that there are any synergistic benefits for adult patients. According to neuropsychological research, the development of OCD and cognitions is influenced by an imbalance in activity between the fronto-striatal circuitry's direct (excitatory) and indirect (inhibitory) pathways. A variety of anxiolytic qualities have been found in substances derived from plants that have been tested for various mental diseases. We did a detailed analysis of the pharmacological and clinical evidence of herbal medications and phytochemicals with anti-obsessive-compulsive properties using the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, etc. to find out the status of the relevant research. The review is focused to identify the neurotransmitters involved in OCD along with the diagnostic biomarkers so as to identify the disease at an early stage and provide safe and effective pharmacotherapy. The findings showed that a number of plant remedies, comprising Withania somnifera, Silybum marianum, Echium amoenum, Crocus sativus, and Hypericum perforatum, as well as a number of natural compounds, including crocin, cannabidiol, and curcumin, have tentative low-quality evidence. The most important anti-OCD mechanism, according to existing pre-clinical studies and the need for more research to confirm its efficacy, may include manipulating the monoamine system, notably serotonin reuptake inhibition.

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The Role of Antioxidants in the Management of Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder

Cited by 3 publications

References 104 publications

Reviewing the mitochondrial dysfunction paradigm in rodent models as platforms for neuropsychiatric disease research

Reviewing the mitochondrial dysfunction paradigm in rodent models as platforms for neuropsychiatric disease research

Investigation of the effects of oxidative stress, inflammation on the pathway of tryptophan/kynurenine in OCD

A Review on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Neurotransmitters, Biomarkers and Pharmacotherapy

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