The Role of Angiogenesis and Arteriogenesis in Myocardial Infarction and Coronary Revascularization

Spadaccio, Cristiano; Nenna, Antonio; Ritchie, David; Piccirillo, Francesco; Nusca, Annunziata; Grigioni, Francesco; Chello, Massimo; Vlahakes, Gus J.

doi:10.1007/s12265-022-10241-0

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 207 publications

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“…Using serum from healthy subjects and AMI patients to stimulate EPCs of healthy subjects, we found that the serum from AMI patients inhibited the tubule formation of EPCs ( Figure 4 A). When acute myocardial infarction occurs, sudden ischemia occurs, and the body induces a response through angiogenesis and arteriogenesis, thereby improving myocardial perfusion [ 24 ]. During the compensatory response, the body secretes various growth factors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble Flt-1 in AMI Patients Serum Inhibits Angiogenesis of Endothelial Progenitor Cells by Suppressing Akt and Erk’s Activity

Zhang

Zhong

et al. 2022

Biology

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In acute myocardial infarction (AMI), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are essential for the recovery of collateral circulation via angiogenesis. Clinical research has shown that the poor prognosis of the patients with AMI is closely associated with the cell quantity and function of EPCs. Whether there are differences in the biological features of EPCs from AMI patients and healthy subjects is worth exploring. In this study, EPCs were isolated from human peripheral blood and identified as late-stage EPCs by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and blood vessel formation assay. Compared to healthy subjects, AMI patients had more EPCs in the peripheral blood compared to healthy subjects. In addition, EPCs from AMI patients exhibited higher migration ability in the transwell assay compared to EPCs from healthy subjects. However, no difference in the angiogenesis of EPCs was observed between AMI patients and healthy subjects. Further studies revealed that soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (sFlt-1) in the serum of AMI patients was involved in the inhibition of EPCs angiogenesis by suppressing the Akt and Erk pathways. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that elevated serum sFlt-1 inhibits angiogenesis of EPC in AMI patients. Our findings uncover a pathogenic role of sFlt-1 in AMI.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble Flt-1 in AMI Patients Serum Inhibits Angiogenesis of Endothelial Progenitor Cells by Suppressing Akt and Erk’s Activity

Zhang

Zhong

et al. 2022

Biology

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“…A critical role in angiogenesis is played by VEGF, a growth factor mostly induced by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and down-regulated by the von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) suppressor gene. It stimulates angiogenic response in in vivo and in vitro models, bringing survival and migration signaling to endothelial cells (ECs) and inhibiting their apoptosis [ 85 ]. Currently, we know three different receptors of this factor, each one with many different properties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is primarily activated by the so-called “canonical ligands”, e.g., its natural activator VEGF-A and co-receptors such as neuropilin (NRP1 and NRP2) and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Besides these, there are many “non-canonical ligands”, which can stimulate angiogenesis by activating VEGFR2 in mechanical shear stress, such as gremlins, galectins, lactate, and LDLs [ 85 ]. Evidence shows that statins may interfere with VEGF expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue Engineering and Targeted Drug Delivery in Cardiovascular Disease: The Role of Polymer Nanocarrier for Statin Therapy

et al. 2023

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Atherosclerosis-related coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. This requires effective primary and secondary prevention in reducing the complications related to CAD; the regression or stabilization of the pathology remains the mainstay of treatment. Statins have proved to be the most effective treatment in reducing adverse effects, but there are limitations related to the administration and achievement of effective doses as well as side effects due to the lack of target-related molecular specificity. The implemented technological steps are polymers and nanoparticles for the administration of statins, as it has been seen how the conjugation of drug delivery systems (DDSs) with statins increases bioavailability by circumventing the hepatic–renal filter and increases the related target specificity, enhancing their action and decreasing side effects. Reduction of endothelial dysfunction, reduced intimal hyperplasia, reduced ischemia–reperfusion injury, cardiac regeneration, positive remodeling in the extracellular matrix, reduced neointimal growth, and increased reendothelialization are all drug-related effects of statins enhanced by binding with DDSs. Recent preclinical studies demonstrate how the effect of statins stimulates the differentiation of endogenous cardiac stem cells. Poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) seems to be the most promising DDS as it succeeds more than the others in enhancing the effect of the bound drug. This review intends to summarize the current evidence on polymers and nanoparticles for statin delivery in the field of cardiovascular disease, trying to shed light on this topic and identify new avenues for future studies.

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“…However, in-stent restenosis (ISR) after stenting of the FP district remains a daunting problem, resulting in a less than 50% patency rate after 3 years [ 4 ]. ISR is believed to be due to neointimal hyperplasia caused by post-PTA endothelial damage [ 5 , 6 ], but similarly to coronary stent disease, other factors are involved such as adherence to antiplatelet therapy [ 7 , 8 ] and specific stent factors [ 9 ]. The incidence of ISR also varies according to the type of stent used: 19–35% at 1 year with a grooved tube nitinol stent, and 14–17% with a twisted-wire nitinol stent [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diagnostic Value of Circulating Biomarkers and Role of Drug-Coated Balloons for In-Stent Restenosis in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease

et al. 2022

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Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an increasingly pathological condition that commonly affects the femoropopliteal arteries. The current fashionable treatment is percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), often with stenting. However, the in-stent restenosis (ISR) rate after the stenting of the femoropopliteal (FP) district remains high. Many techniques have been proposed for the treatment of femoropopliteal ISR, such as intravascular brachytherapy, laser atherectomy, second stenting and drug-coated balloons angioplasty (DCB). DCB showed a significantly lower rate of restenosis and target lesions revascularization (TLR) compared to conventional PTA. However, further studies and multi-center RCTs with dedicated long-term follow-up are needed to verify the true efficiency of this approach. Nowadays, the correlation between PAD and inflammation biomarkers is well known. Multiple studies have shown that proinflammatory markers (such as C-reactive proteins) and the high plasma levels of microRNA could predict the outcomes after stent placement. In particular, circulating microRNA-320a, microRNA-3937, microRNA-642a-3p and microRNA-572 appear to hold promise in diagnosing ISR in patients with PAD, but also as predictors of stent patency. This narrative review intends to summarize the current knowledge on the value of circulating biomarkers as predictors of ISR and to foster the scientific debate on the advantages of using DCB in the treatment of ISR in the FP district.

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The Role of Angiogenesis and Arteriogenesis in Myocardial Infarction and Coronary Revascularization

Cited by 15 publications

References 207 publications

Soluble Flt-1 in AMI Patients Serum Inhibits Angiogenesis of Endothelial Progenitor Cells by Suppressing Akt and Erk’s Activity

Soluble Flt-1 in AMI Patients Serum Inhibits Angiogenesis of Endothelial Progenitor Cells by Suppressing Akt and Erk’s Activity

Tissue Engineering and Targeted Drug Delivery in Cardiovascular Disease: The Role of Polymer Nanocarrier for Statin Therapy

The Diagnostic Value of Circulating Biomarkers and Role of Drug-Coated Balloons for In-Stent Restenosis in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease

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