The Role of Androgen Receptor Expression in Prostate Adenocarcinoma

Abstract

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancer worldwide, where South Sulawesi is included in four provinces with the highest prevalence of prostate cancer in Indonesia. Laboratorium Sentra Patologia Makassar (SDPM) stated that prostate cancer cases continue to rise each year. Androgen receptor (AR) plays a role in the growth and differentiation of male urogenital structures, both under normal and neoplastic conditions, the neoplastic condition is caused by the mechanism of the AR pathway which undergoes changes that continue in the development and progression of prostate lesions, both benign and malignant. Androgen receptors are generally found evenly distributed in the nuclei of glandular and stromal cells in prostate hyperplasia and vary widely in prostate cancer. These inventions show that AR inhibitors are used to treat prostate adenocarcinoma by inhibiting androgen synthesis. Assessment of AR expression can be used in determining therapy and predicting the success of hormonal therapy so that the prognosis of the disease is better. This study is conducted to learn more about AR expression in adenocarcinoma prostate grading. The type of this research is an observational analytical study with cross-sectional methods. Samples are taken based on consecutive sampling of as many as 77 respondents. There is a significant difference between AR expression score and histopathological feature of prostate adenocarcinoma WHO Grup Grade (p<0,001). In conclusion, there is a significant correlation between AR and WHO Grup Grade and could be used as important marker in grading adenocarcinoma prostate progression
 Keywords : Androgen receptor (AR); prostate adenocarcinoma; WHO Grup Grade

Assessment of Immunohistochemical Expression of Androgen Receptor and its Correlation with Histopathological Prognostic Factors in Prostatic Carcinoma

“…85.3%± 9.7%, P < 0.001). Similar results were obtained by Putriyuni and Oktora (20) who found low AR expression in 48,21% (27 cases) while high AR expression was seen in 51,79% (29 cases), Henshall et al (21) who found overexpression of AR (≥70% positive nuclei) in the malignant epithelium and loss of AR immunoreactivity in the adjacent periepithelial stroma (≤30%) and Osman et al (16) who found that mean value of AR expression was significantly higher in prostatic carcinomas than in benign hyperplasia (P = 0.001). That didn't agree with Segawa et al (22) who found that the expression of AR in the tumor cells (52.2 ± 27.1%) was significantly lower than that in the non-tumorous tissue (68.3 ± 8.3%; P < 0.001).…”

“…In our study, there was a statistically significant association between high AR expression and higher Total Gleason score (p value=0.008) with AR-positive specimens (with a mean of 7.67) having higher total Gleason score than AR negative ones (with a mean of 6.40) & statistically significant difference between different grade groups regarding AR expression (P value =0.001). These results are in keeping with Putriyuni and Oktora (20) who reported a Significant correlation of AR expression with the Gleason score (p=0.018) . It indicated that prostate cancer with a high-grade Gleason score had 5,098 times high AR expression rather than low AR expression and Hashmi et al (19) found a Significant association of AR expression with total Gleason score, WHO grade, and percentage of tissue involvement (tumor quantification) which are among the most important markers of tumor progression.…”

“…In the current study, there was no statistically significant correlation between peineural invasion and AR expression (P value =0.271). Similar results were obtained by Putriyuni et al (20) who found that there is no significant correlation between AR expression & perineural invasion (p value=0.830) and Hashmi et al (19) who found a statistically insignificant association of AR expression with other variables including perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, extra-prostatic extension, and seminal vesicle invasion. In this study, age was not significantly associated with AR immunohistochemical expression in prostatic cancer.…”