The role of anaerobic ability in middle distance running performance

Houmard, Joseph A.; Costill, David L.; Mitchell, Joel B.; Park, S H; Chenier, Thomas C.

doi:10.1007/bf00635632

Cited by 46 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Furthermore, they found t lim to be highly variable among the subjects (range: 262± 598 s), positively related with the lactate threshold r 0X58 and unrelated to O 2 max . These ®ndings, as well as the data of previous works which have focused on the relative importance of aerobic and anaerobic energy release during exhausting exercise of medium duration (Medbù and Tabata 1989;Houmard et al 1991;Craig et al 1993), suggested the hypothesis that although the time to exhaustion at I O 2 max has a large aerobic component it also re¯ects runners' ability to exercise anaerobically. For the reasons described above, this is particularly true when the exercise intensity associated with O 2 max is assessed during a continuous incremental test with steps of short duration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Anaerobic contribution to the time to exhaustion at the minimal exercise intensity at which maximal oxygen uptake occurs in elite cyclists, kayakists and swimmers

Faina¹,

Billat

Squadrone³

et al. 1997

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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Using 23 elite male athletes (8 cyclists, 7 kayakists, and 8 swimmers), the contribution of the anaerobic energy system to the time to exhaustion (t(lim)) at the minimal exercise intensity (speed or power) at which maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) occurs (IVO2max) was assessed by analysing the relationship between the t(lim) and the accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD). After 10-min warming up at 60% of VO2max, the exercise intensity was increased so that each subject reached his IVO2max in 30 s and then continued at that level until he was exhausted. Pre-tests included a continuous incremental test with 2 min steps for determining the IVO2max and a series of 5-min submaximal intensities to collect the data that would allow the estimation of the energy expenditure at IVO2max. The AOD for the t(lim) exercise was calculated as the difference between the above estimation and the accumulated oxygen uptake. The mean percentage value of energy expenditure covered by anaerobic metabolism was 15.2 [(SD 6)%, range 8.9-24.1] with significant differences between swimmers and kayakists (16.8% vs 11.5%, P < or = 0.05) and cyclists and kayakists (16.4% vs 11.5%, P < or = 0.05). Absolute AOD values ranged from 26.4 ml.kg-1 to 83.6 ml.kg-1 with a mean value of 45.9 (SD 18) ml.kg-1. Considering all the subjects, the t(lim) was found to have a positive and significant correlation with AOD (r = 0.62, P < or = 0.05), and a negative and significant correlation with VO2max (r = -0.46, P < or = 0.05). The data would suggest that the contribution of anaerobic processes during exercise performed at IVO2max should not be ignored when t(lim) is used as a supplementary parameter to evaluate specific adaptation of athletes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Anaerobic contribution to the time to exhaustion at the minimal exercise intensity at which maximal oxygen uptake occurs in elite cyclists, kayakists and swimmers

Faina¹,

Billat

Squadrone³

et al. 1997

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…In the present study, average VO2max was 57 ml/kg/min while in both of the two aforementioned studies of male runners average VO2max was approximately 62 ml/kg/ min. 4,6 This is not a large difference, but could perhaps partially explain the discrepancies. In the aforementioned study of female cross-country runners 5 , VO2max was actually lower (54 ml/kg/min) than that of the present study which is perplexing unless we assume that they simply had better racing ability due to better running economy (a variable not assessed in the present study).…”

Section: Gmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Deason et al (1991) showed that in male distance runners a strong relationship existed between 800 m run time and the more purely anaerobic 300 m run time (r = 0.826) while the relationship between 800 m run time and VO2max was non-significant (r = -0.491) with alpha set at 0.05. Houmard et al 6 found in well-trained male distance runners that 5 km race time (another middle distance) was moderately correlated to both vertical jump height (r = -0.73) and VO2max (r = -0.60). In a study of NCAA Division I female cross-country runners, it was found that anaerobic energy production contributed to 5 km velocity along with aerobic contributions.…”

Section: Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While long distance running is largely aerobic, middle distance running requires significant contributions from both the anaerobic and aerobic energy systems for adenosine triphosphate generation. 4 Previously, the relationships between anaerobic and aerobic predictors of running performance have been measured in various groups such as male National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I cross-country runners 2 , female NCAA Division I cross-country runners 5 , male distance runners 4,6 , and recreational male and female distance runners 1 . National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) runners have not been well-studied as a unique group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anaerobic and aerobic contributions to 800 m and 8 km season bests

Blumkaitis¹,

Sandefur²,

Rossow³

2016

Journal of Trainology

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Objective: Both anaerobic and aerobic factors contribute to distance running performance. How these factors relate to middle and long distance running performance in National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) runners has not been previously determined. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between anaerobic and aerobic assessments and two season best race times (800 m and 8 km) in NAIA runners participating in track and cross-country at a small Midwestern American college.Design: This study employed a cross-sectional design. Data was collected from a lab visit as well as from season best running times.Methods: 11 subjects (f = 4) completed a graded exercise test for VO2max and ventilatory threshold assessment, a 40 m sprint, a standing long jump, and a vertical jump. Correlations were performed between 800 m and 8 km season bests and the aforementioned tests.Results: 800 m run time correlated only with VO2max (r = -.600; p = .044). 8 km run time correlated most strongly with vertical jump height (r = -.823; p = .011) but also with 40 m sprint (r = .704; p = .039) and VO2max (r = -.670; p = .047). Conclusions:Anaerobic and aerobic contributions to season best race times in NAIA runners were slightly different than expected based on previous work in different populations. This information may be useful for NAIA track and cross-country coaches interested in determining tests that best relate to running performance in their athletes.(Journal of Trainology 2016;5:38-42)

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“…In our study, we used a manifestation of performance (3.6 km uphill run time) instead. V VO2max has been reported as able to represent aerobic and anaerobic modes of energy production in an integrated manner 7,27 , in addition to being associated with running economy 6,28,29 . This may partly explain its superior predictive power for a short, uphill event in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%