The role of age in understanding the psychological effects of racism for African Americans.

Greer, Tawanda M.; Spalding, Abby

doi:10.1037/cdp0000148

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Exposure to racism [13][14][15] and sexism [14] decreases throughout adulthood while ageism not surprisingly increases with age [14]. Avoidance of discrimination would accordingly also be expected to decrease with age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Components of disability exclusion: Discrimination, avoidance and accessibility in later life

et al. 2019

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Objective: Examine the prevalence and context of disability exclusion reported by people with disability, with and without communication and mobility problems.Methods: The 2015 Survey of Disability Ageing and Carers was used to measure the prevalence of reported exclusion. Tests of proportions were used to examine differences in prevalence rates. Proportional Venn diagrams were used to examine the intersection of measures of exclusion.Results: Approximately 53% of those with a communication or mobility difficulty reported at least one measure of exclusion. Among this group, 7% reported an instance of discrimination, 44% reported avoidance and 29% reported an accessibility problem.The levels of discrimination and avoidance for those without communication or mobility difficulties was approximately half this level (16% avoidance and 3% discrimination). Avoidance and discrimination reduced with age, but accessibility was age-invariant. Exclusion measures intersected and occurred in a variety of contexts.Conclusion: Despite protections provided in Australian law, disability exclusion persists and is high among those with communication and mobility difficulties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Components of disability exclusion: Discrimination, avoidance and accessibility in later life

et al. 2019

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“…toxic substances) [ 53 ]. The results may also potentially relate to the increased levels of exposure to other types of discrimination, including for people with disabilities and the variability of these exposures over the life span and with demographic characteristics [ 54 , 55 ]. Recent Australian studies have provided some evidence that experiencing discrimination is associated with poor mental health outcomes and lower levels of self-rated health [ 11 , 12 , 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination and avoidance due to disability in Australia: evidence from a National Cross Sectional Survey

2018

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BackgroundAcross most high-income countries, populations are ageing. With this demographic change is an increase in the number of people living with disabilities. In this context, we sought to examine the prevalence of disability discrimination and disability avoidance in Australia, the demographic and health correlates of exclusion and the contexts in which disability discrimination and avoidance are experienced. Methods: Utilising newly released measures from the 2015 ABS Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers, we calculate the prevalence of people living with a disability who have experienced discrimination and engage in avoidance behaviours, and the contexts in which they occur. Logistic regression models were fitted to examine the correlates of discrimination and avoidance behaviours, once controls and complex survey design were accounted for.ResultsApproximately 9% (95% CI = 8.1, 9.2) of people with a disability experienced disability discrimination in 2015 and 31% (95% CI = 30.9, 32.9) engaged in avoidance behaviours because of their disability. With controls included, the prevalence of avoidance and discrimination declined with age, was higher for divorced people (versus married), the unemployed (versus employed) and was lower for people with lower levels of education (versus a degree) and those born overseas. Having a psychosocial or physical disability significantly increased the odds of experiencing discrimination or avoidance, as did having an increasing number of long-term health conditions. We further find that disability discrimination and avoidance occurs in contexts critical to human capital, such as the workforce, education and healthcare.ConclusionsDespite protections in legislation and international accords, significant proportions of Australians with a disability experience discrimination or engage in avoidance behaviours in various settings with potentially important human capital implications. Recently, sectoral responses (eg., in education and the workplace) have been offered by Government reports, providing direction for future research and evaluation.

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“…Indeed, the effects of racial discrimination in causing psychological distress are now well established in Australia and internationally (Lewis, Cogburn, & Williams, 2015; Paradies et al, 2015). As exposure to discrimination and associated psychological distress is more common among younger people (Greer & Spalding, 2017), research and interventions have tended to focus on younger people particularly in Australia. Herein, we highlight the negative impacts of discrimination on the mental health of older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences of Racism among Older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: Prevalence, Sources, and Association with Mental Health

2019

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RÉSUMÉCet article présente une analyse inédite de l’association entre la discrimination raciale et la détresse psychologique chez les personnes âgées indigènes et insulaires du détroit de Torres. Les résultats indiquent : (1) qu’une minorité importante d’aînés appartenant aux populations indigènes et insulaires du détroit de Torres ont été victimes de racisme (tel qu’expérimenté et mesuré en fonction d’inégalités de traitement) et d’évitement ; (2) qu’une association entre les expériences de racisme ou d’évitement et la détresse psychologique peut être mise en évidence, et que cette relation demeure robuste malgré la considération d’une variété de facteurs confondants et de caractéristiques complexes associées à la conception des enquêtes ; et (3) les associations entre le racisme et la détresse sont amplifiées en fonction de l’intensité du racisme et des comportements d’évitement. L’association reste robuste ou se trouve renforcée lorsque le racisme et l’évitement se produisent dans le cadre de contextes cruciaux au développement du capital humain des personnes âgées (p. ex. soins de santé, éducation, milieu de travail). Nos résultats soulignent l’importance des programmes et des services sociaux et de santé culturellement sécuritaires, ainsi que la nécessité de contrer la discrimination sous toutes ses formes.

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The role of age in understanding the psychological effects of racism for African Americans.

Abstract: Findings suggest that older age may function as a buffer to psychological outcomes related to racism exposure. Additional studies are needed to understand the ways in which older African American adults cope with racism-related experiences. (PsycINFO Database Record

Cited by 25 publications

References 31 publications

Components of disability exclusion: Discrimination, avoidance and accessibility in later life

Components of disability exclusion: Discrimination, avoidance and accessibility in later life

Discrimination and avoidance due to disability in Australia: evidence from a National Cross Sectional Survey

Experiences of Racism among Older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: Prevalence, Sources, and Association with Mental Health

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