The Role of Aerobic and Anaerobic Training Programs on CD34+ Stem Cells and Chosen Physiological Variables

Abstract

Exercise is one of the most powerful non-pharmacological strategies, which can affect nearly all cells and organs in the body. Changes in the behavior of adult stem cells have been shown to occur in response to exercise. Exercise may act on regenerative potential of tissues by altering the ability to generate new stem cells and differentiated cells that are able to carry out tissue specific functions. The purpose of this study was to reveal the role of aerobic and anaerobic training programs on CD34+ Stem Cells and chosen physiological variables. Twenty healthy male athletes aged 18–24 years were recruited for this study. Healthy low active males and BMI matched participants (n=10) aged 20–22 years were recruited as controls. Aerobic and anaerobic training programs for 12 weeks were conducted. VO2max pulse observation was carried out using the Astrand Rhyming protocol. RBCs, WBCs, HB and hematocrit were estimated using a coulter counter, lactate by the Accusport apparatus, CD34+ stem cells by flow cytometry. VO2max was increased significantly in case of the aerobic training program compared to anaerobic one (62±2.2 ml/kg/min vs. 54±2.1 ml/kg/min). Haemotological values increased significantly in the anaerobic program when compared to the aerobic one, RBCs (5.3±0.3 and 4.9±0.2 mln/ul), WBCs (6.6±0.5 and 6.1±0.4 thous/ul), HB (15.4±0.4 and 14.2±0.5 g/de), Hematocrit (4.6±1.2 and 4.4±1.1 %), CD34+ stem cells count increased significantly in case of the anaerobic program compared to the aerobic (251.6±21.64 and 130±14.61) and sedentary one (172±24.10). These findings suggest that anaerobic training programs provoke better adaptation to exercise and stem cell counts may differ between trained and sedentary subjects. Circulating immature cells are likely to be involved in angiogenesis and repair process, both mechanisms being associated with strenuous exercise. Knowledge of the physiological effects of training on stem cells might be of potential clinical use.

A Six-Week Home Exercise Program Improves Endothelial Function and CD34+Circulating Progenitor Cells in Patients With Pre-Diabetes

“…Exercise training has well-known effects to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes and pre-diabetes [5,6]. Our findings add to data from previous studies demonstrating exercise training induced increases in circulating CD34 + progenitor cells in non-diabetic populations [25]. During the exercise phase, our participants increased physical activity and achieved the prescribed 150 min/week of MVPA.…”

Cardiovascular response to bouts of exercise with blood flow restriction

“…Exercise is one of the most powerful non-pharmacological method of affecting cells and organs in the body 1 ) . Regular aerobic and resistance exercise training has a positive long-term impact on the cardiovascular system, which is a biologically complex adaptive system that is characterized by a variety of complex reactions to different training loads 2 , 3 , 4 ) .…”

Cell Therapy in Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia

“…Vascular cells including endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are predominantly descendants of mesodermal cells; however, an ectoderm origin for VSMCs was detected [ 26 , 27 ]. The differentiation of mesoderm in vascular cells is regulated by important factors in a complex process with a fine regulation: Brachyury, a transcription factor required for posterior mesoderm formation and differentiation and then downregulated when cells undergo specific development into mesoderm-derived tissues, including cardiac muscle, endothelium, and blood cells [ 28 , 29 ], bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), a member of the transforming growth factor- (TGF-) β superfamily [ 30 , 31 ], MIXL1, a homeobox gene involved in hematopoietic specification [ 32 , 33 ], Nodal [ 34 , 35 ], CD31 [ 34 ], [ 36 ], CD34 [ 37 , 38 ], Sca-1 [ 39 , 40 ], N-cadherin [ 41 , 42 ], platelet-derived growth factor receptor- (PDGFR-) α [ 43 , 44 ], and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor- (VEGFR-) 2 [ 45 , 46 ].…”