The Role of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Learning and Memory Function

Kaptan, Zulal; Üzüm, Gülay

doi:10.4274/tnd.68889

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Neuroplasticity depends on two distinct but interrelated phenomena that contribute to adaptation and life -long learning: neuro-genesis (and synaptogenesis) and brain rewiring. It has been found that new neurons in the hippocampus dentate gyrus contribute to cognition, emotional control, learning and memory, the core components of adaptation [64]. Consciousness influences brain adaptability both during wakefulness as well as during sleep in a top down way.…”

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 99%

The 8 Pillars of Metacognition

Drigas

Mitsea

2020

Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Learn.

115

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Metacognition constitutes the dominant competence of the 21st century. De-spite the indisputable scientific interest, there are various unanswered questions concerning the identity of metacognition, its fundamental mechanisms and its limits. In this study, a holistic and multi-disciplinary approach is attempted by collecting and utilizing data from sciences such as cognitive psychology and neuropsychology, and philosophy. The research has led us to the 8 pillars that underpin metacognition. These pillars follow the model of the hierarchical or-ganization of knowledge. According to this approach, cognitive and metacogni-tive skills evolve progressively depending on the effort an individual exerts. It is worth noting that some cognitive functions such as attention and working memory seem to surpass the rest, since they operate simultaneously as cognitive and metacognitive abilities, affecting the functioning of the pillars, other cogni-tive functions, and in particular the higher mental abilities. Among the conclu-sions of greatest importance we can cite that the metacognition pillars are, like reality itself, a field of multiple readings. They contribute to the proper func-tioning of the cognitive and psychophysiological mechanism, the melioration of intelligence in all fields (physical, intellectual, emotional and spiritual), the emergence of consciousness and self-knowledge. In practical terms, the pillars of metacognition are the most valuable tool of self-learning, self-development, self-treatment and self-knowledge. Metacognition, also, constitutes a key factor in effective leadership, in medical and health professions. Lastly, the pillars of metacognition should be the cornerstone of general, special, vocational and ac-ademic education so as to promote holistic learning.

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Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 99%

The 8 Pillars of Metacognition

Drigas

Mitsea

2020

Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Learn.

115

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“…Mostly, T3 in cerebral tissue is locally produced through the conversion from T4. Besides, L-T4 administration raises both serum and cerebral concentrations of free T4 and T3 (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In contrast, damage to the hippocampus can result in spatial memory disorders. Dysfunctions in neurotransmitters and disturbances in GABA and adenosine concentrations, as well as redox systems in the CNS caused by THs dysfunction, can hinder neurogenesis and CNS growth (26). Therefore, maintaining stable concentrations of THs can help prevent the development of neurodegenerative diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Levothyroxine on Behavior and Cognitive Decline in a Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis: A Biochemical Study

Basiratnia,

Mirshekar,

Fanaei

et al. 2023

Shiraz E-Med J

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Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease in the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the development and physiological function of the brain and causes memory impairment. Objectives: Due to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant role of levothyroxine (L-T4) on myelin production and adult cerebral function, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of L-T4 on the improvement of cognitive deficits and cerebral inflammation. Methods: Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: (1) sham, (2) L-T4, (3) MS, (4) MS receiving L-T4, and (5) Betaferon. For MS induction, lysolecithin was injected into the CA1 of the hippocampus. Rats received L-T4 intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 μg/kg in the second and fourth groups. The shuttle box and Morris water maze tests were used to investigate passive avoidance and spatial memory, respectively. Also, the hippocampal concentrations of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and c-reactive protein (CRP) were measured to investigate molecular changes. Results: Path length (P < 0.001, P = 0.0015, and P = 0.002 on days 1 to 3, respectively) and latency time (P < 0.001 on the second and third days) increased, but the speed of movements (P < 0.001) and time spent in goal quarter decreased in MS-induced groups (P < 0.001). Treatment with L-T4 for 14 days significantly reversed path length and speed (P < 0.001 and P = 0.0315 on the second and third days), latency time (P < 0.01), speed (P < 0.001 and P = 0.0038 on the second and third days), and time spent in goal quarter (P = 0.1203) in the MS group. The hippocampal concentrations of MDA (P = 0.0010), TNF-α (P = 0.0251), and CRP (P = 0.0065) were significantly lower in the MS group treated with L-T4 than in the MS group. Also, the hippocampal concentration of TAC was significantly increased (P = 0.0375) in the MS group receiving L-T4. Conclusions: It seems that treatment with L-T4 can prevent cognitive impairment caused by MS induction. Ameliorative effects of L-T4 may be due to the reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, L-T4 can be used as an effective agent in the treatment of MS.

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Flavonoids and their activities on learning and memory

Acıkara

2024

Studies in Natural Products Chemistry

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The Role of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Learning and Memory Function

Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

The 8 Pillars of Metacognition

The 8 Pillars of Metacognition

Effects of Levothyroxine on Behavior and Cognitive Decline in a Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis: A Biochemical Study

Flavonoids and their activities on learning and memory

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