The role of adrenal medullary catecholamine release in the response to a cold pressor test

Cummings, M. F.; Steele, Peter; Mahar, L. J.; Frewin, D. B.; Russell, W. J.

doi:10.1093/cvr/17.4.189

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Cardiovascular responses of lightly clothed men exposed to cold air have been extensively described previously (4-6, 14, 15), as have the effects of local cold exposure (2,3,(16)(17)(18). In this study, both local and wholebody cooling tests were carried out on the same individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In the cold pressor and whole-body cold exposure tests, the mechanisms mediating the increasing blood pressure are partly same: increased sympathetic nervous activity and vasoconstriction. This is also seen in the form of an increased catecholamine secretion (8,17,22). During the cold pressor tests, however, most of the subjects had sensations of pain, which was not experienced in the whole-body cold exposure test (subjective observation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood pressure and heart rate responses in men exposed to arm and leg cold pressor tests and whole-body cold exposure

Korhonen

2006

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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Blood pressure and heart rate responses in men exposed to arm and leg cold pressor tests and whole-body cold exposure ABSTRACTObjectives. Comparison of the effects of different types of cold exposure on blood pressure and heart rate. Study design. Controlled laboratory study. Methods. Twenty healthy men were exposed to three different types of cold exposure: cold pressor tests for hands and feet, and a 2-h cold air exposure at an ambient temperature of +10 °C. Results. All types of cold exposure caused a rise in systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Heart rate increased in the foot cold pressor test. In the cold chamber test, heart rate fell, causing a decrease in the rate:pressure product. No statistically significant correlations were found between the blood pressure responses to cold pressor and cold chamber tests. The increased rate:pressure product observed in the cold pressor tests is indicative of an increased oxygen consumption in the heart muscle. Conclusions. The measured cardiovascular responses indicate that a sudden local exposure to severe cold would be more stressful than a long lasting, milder exposure to cold, even when the latter is applied to the whole body (Int J Circumpolar Health 2006;65(2):178-184.).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood pressure and heart rate responses in men exposed to arm and leg cold pressor tests and whole-body cold exposure

Korhonen

2006

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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“…On the other hand, a typical circulatory response to cold has been observed in adrenalectomized subjects, which suggests that, although adrenal medullary catecholamine release is elicited by the cold pressor test, the pressure elevation is independent of such adrenal activity. 28 The disparate response to mental and painful stimuli raises some questions about the neural control of circulation during stress. Mental test elicited a pressor response that was associated with a substantial rise of cardiac index and heart rate and some reduction in peripheral vascular resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary vascular overreactivity in systemic hypertension. A pathophysiological link between the greater and the lesser circulation.

Fiorentini¹,

Barbier²,

Galli³

et al. 1985

Hypertension

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SUMMARY This study was undertaken to test whether the emphasized systemic vasomotion during sympathetic activation in hypertension is shared by the pulmonary circulation. To this end, 10 normotensive and 29 primary hypertensive subjects were investigated during adrenergic stimulation by mental arithmetic and cold pressor test. Both stimuli induced a systemic pressor reaction in both groups, which was mediated through an increase in cardiac output and a mild reduction in vascular resistance during arithmetic and through a predominant rise in systemic vascular resistance during cold. Each of these changes was emphasized in the hypertensive population as compared with the normotensive one. Pressure in the pulmonary artery remained unchanged during cold and was slightly raised (systolic) during arithmetic in normotensive subjects. On the contrary, in hypertensive subjects systolic and diastolic pulmonary pressures were consistently augmented by both stimuli, and pulmonary arteriolar resistance (dyn sec cm~s) rose from 92 in the baseline to 125 (p < 0.01) during arithmetic and to 124 (p < 0.01) during the cold test. This reaction is interpreted as reflecting a neurally mediated vasoconstriction and not as the consequence of mechanical or chemical changes, since no difference was observed in pulmonary wedge pressure, pleural pressure, arterial blood gas levels, and pH between controls and hypertensive subjects in the steady state and during either stressful stimulation. Baseline pulmonary arteriolar resistance was also found to correlate positively with systemic vascular resistance in the hypertensive group. When pressure changes occurred, the time course was similar in the two circuits; resistance increased to a proportionally similar degree in the two districts during the cold stimulus. All these observations support the concept that systemic and pulmonary vasculatures become oversensitive to neural activation and that the two vascular beds are exposed to the same type of dysregulation in systemic hypertension. 3 and by enhancement of the cardiovascular reactivity to sympathetic activation or catecholamine infusion. "8 Measurements in the pulmonary circulation have shown that the arterial pressure is higher than normal 9 in uncomplicated systemic hypertension 10 "

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“…Adrenalectomy has been reported to have no effect on CPT-induced responses (6,20). Because these observations were made in human subjects, it became necessary to confirm these findings in our rat model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold pressor test in the rat: medullary and spinal pathways and neurotransmitters

Nakamura

Kawabe

Sapru³

2008

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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This study was designed to delineate the medullary and spinal pathways mediating the cardiovascular responses to cold pressor test (CPT) and to identify neurotransmitters in these pathways. Experiments were done in barodenervated, urethane-anesthetized, male Wistar rats. The CPT was performed by immersing the limbs and ventral half of the body of the rat in ice-cold water (0.5 degrees C) for 2 min. CPT elicited an immediate increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and greater splanchnic nerve activity (GSNA). Bilateral blockade of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGLURs) in the rostral ventrolateral medullary pressor area (RVLM) significantly attenuated the CPT-induced responses. Bilateral blockade of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, but not iGLURs, in the nucleus ambiguus (nAmb) significantly reduced the CPT-induced increases in HR, but not MAP. Blockade of spinal iGLURs caused a significant reduction in CPT-induced increases in MAP and GSNA, whereas the increases in HR were reduced to a lesser extent. Combination of the blockade of spinal iGLURs and bilateral vagotomy or intravenous atropine almost completely blocked CPT-induced tachycardia. Midcollicular decerebration significantly reduced CPT-induced increases in MAP and HR. These results indicated that: 1) CPT-induced increases in MAP, HR, and GSNA were mediated by activation of iGLURs in the RVLM and spinal cord, 2) activation of GABA receptors in the nAmb also contributed to the CPT-induced tachycardic responses, and 3) brain areas rostral to the brain stem also participated in the CPT-induced pressor and tachycardic responses.

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The role of adrenal medullary catecholamine release in the response to a cold pressor test

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Blood pressure and heart rate responses in men exposed to arm and leg cold pressor tests and whole-body cold exposure

Blood pressure and heart rate responses in men exposed to arm and leg cold pressor tests and whole-body cold exposure

Pulmonary vascular overreactivity in systemic hypertension. A pathophysiological link between the greater and the lesser circulation.

Cold pressor test in the rat: medullary and spinal pathways and neurotransmitters

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