The role of adiponectin in placentation and preeclampsia

Abstract

Preeclampsia is not fully understood; and few biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and therapeutic agents for its management have been identified. Original investigative findings suggest that abnormal placentation triggers preeclampsia and leads to hypertension, proteinuria, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation, which are characteristics of the disease. Because of the regulatory roles that it plays in several metabolic processes, adiponectin has become a cytokine of interest in metabolic medicine. In this review, we have discussed the role of adiponectin in trophoblast proliferation, trophoblast differentiation, trophoblast invasion of the decidua, and decidual angiogenesis, which are the major phases of placentation. Also, we have highlighted the physiological profile of adiponectin in the course of normal pregnancy.Moreover, we have discussed the involvement of adiponectin in hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and proteinuria. Furthermore, we have summarized the reported relationship between the maternal serum adiponectin level and preeclampsia. The available evidence indicates that adiponectin level physiologically falls as pregnancy advances, regulates placentation, and exhibits protective effects against the symptoms of preeclampsia and that while hyperadiponectinemia is evident in normal-weight preeclamptic women, hypoadiponectinemia is evident in overweight and obese preeclamptic women. Therefore, the clinical use of adiponectin as a biomarker, therapeutic target, or therapeutic agent against the disease looks promising and should be considered.

The Involvement of Cell Adhesion Molecules, Tight Junctions, and Gap Junctions in Human Placentation

“…Each of these stages of placentation is regulated by a plethora of cytokines, growth factors, hormones, and proteins. Abnormal expression of these molecules lead to abnormal placentation and its associated pathologies [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. In this review, we have aggregated the up-to-date evidence about the expression patterns of the cell adhesion molecules, tight junctions, and gap junctions in the various trophoblast lineages during physiological and pathological placentation; and have explained how they regulate trophoblast proliferation, trophoblast fusion, trophoblast migration, trophoblast invasion, glandular remodeling, and spiral artery remodeling, which are the major phases of human placentation.…”

Can Endothelial Glycocalyx Be a Major Morphological Substrate in Pre-Eclampsia?

“…There is limited data on the effectiveness of FFP and its specific components in PE ( Table 3, lines 1 and 2). Low level of adiponectin in the blood of patients with PE was found to be associated with endothelial dysfunction [93] and placental disorders; this may support further clinical use of adiponectin as a biomarker, therapeutic target, or therapeutic agent against the disease [94]. Similarly, S1P, according to several studies, is considered as a biomarker of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and pregnancy-related complications like PE [95,96].…”

The Role of the Adipokines in the Most Common Gestational Complications

“…Adiponectin receptor's mRNA and protein are upregulated in preeclampsia, while adipokine itself shows downregulation in placental tissue [80,81]. These levels were also found to correlate positively with the expression of p-STAT5 and inversely with p-p38 (both factors affecting the function of placental trophoblasts), implicating the role of adiponectin in preeclampsia [82].…”