The role of adhesion molecules in inflammatory bowel disease in children. Assessment of the possible risk of cardiovascular complications

Abstract

IntroductionInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic diseases that proceed with exacerbation and remission phases. Adhesion molecules play a significant role in inflammatory processes. The same adhesion molecules play an important role in atherogenesis.AimTo assess the risk of atherosclerosis in IBD in children.Material and methodsThe study included 40 patients with IBD (25 with Crohn’s disease – CD and 15 with ulcerative colitis – UC) aged 4–17 years. In the study group, concentrations of selected adhesion molecules (intracellular adhesion molecule – ICAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule – VCAM, E-selectin) and selected parameters of lipid metabolism in serum were assessed.ResultsNo statistically significant differences between CD and UC patients and in the control group, in mean values of selected adhesins were obtained. Average variable VCAM was significantly lower in patients with CD than in patients with UC in the active stage of the diseases. Significantly higher average levels of triglycerides (TG) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) were found in the control group than in patients with CD. Significantly higher levels of total cholesterol (CHL) and HDL were noticed in the control group patients than in the patients with UC. The HDL/CHL was significantly higher in controls than in patients with UC.ConclusionsNo increased risk of developing atherosclerosis was found in children with IBD. Decreased risk in patients during exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease was revealed, which may result from malnutrition typical for acute disease phase.

Anti-Inflammatory and Chemopreventive Effects of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lamarck) Leaf Extract in Experimental Colitis Models in Rodents

“…This excites the growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), which in turn generates activation of the IKK kinase complex. Such a complex promotes phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α (Inhibitor kappa B-alpha), resulting in the dissociation and release of NF-κB p65, known as an important factor in regulating this highly expressed immune process in patients with IBD ( Trzeciak-Jędrzejczyk et al, 2017 ; Yao et al, 2017 ; Lu et al, 2018 ). The NF-κB p65 migrate to the nucleus of cells and downregulate or supra-regulate the expression genes associated with the transcription of different inflammatory mediators (IL-12, IL-18, IL-23, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, and prostaglandins), activator protein 1, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, intercellular adhesion molecules, and inflammatory enzymes (iNOS and COX) ( Yao et al, 2017 ; Ramos and Papadakis, 2019 ).…”

“…The intensity and maintenance of the inflammatory response, both in clinical and experimental IBD, are also determined by coordinated mechanisms of cell recruitment, which comprise the positive regulation of the expression of intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1) and chemokines (MIP-2 and MCP-1), mainly by activated NF-κB p65 ( Trzeciak-Jędrzejczyk et al, 2017 ; Wang et al, 2018 ). Colonic inflammation in this study was associated with increased mRNA expression of MIP-2, MCP-1 and ICAM-1, since these proteins recruit defense cells (leukocytes) and favor their adhesion to the activated endothelium at the inflammation site ( Vainer, 2005 ; Abiodun et al, 2016 ).…”

The risk of cardiovascular complications in inflammatory bowel disease

“…HDL cholesterol level was significantly higher in control group than in CD and UC patient with severely active disease. Investigators found no increased risk of atherosclerosis in children with IBD [ 61 ]. Winderman et al assessed microvascular dysfunction that facilitates inflammation and thrombosis using plethysmography.…”

Fecal calprotectin role in diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and treatment follow-up

“…Inflammation of the intestine in patients with CD or UC is associated with activation of acute phase proteins and migration of leukocytes to the intestine. 18 Erythrocyte Sedimentation (ESR) and the level of CRP-Reactive Protein (CRP) are considered as two general markers of inflammation biomarkers 19 which have not enough sensitivity and not the necessary qualities. Over the past several decades, several leukocyte products released in the stool have been identified as inflammatory bowel markers.…”