The role and uses of antibodies in COVID-19 infections: a living review

Abstract

COVID-19 has generated a rapidly evolving field of research, with the global scientific community striving for solutions to the current pandemic. Characterising humoral responses towards SARS-CoV-2, as well as closely related strains, will help determine whether antibodies are central to infection control, and aid the design of therapeutics and vaccine candidates. This review outlines the major aspects of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody research to date, with a focus on the various prophylactic and therapeutic uses of antibodies to alleviate disease in addition to the potential of cross-reactive therapies and the implications of long-term immunity.

ISPE‐Endorsed Guidance in Using Electronic Health Records for Comparative Effectiveness Research in COVID‐19: Opportunities and Trade‐Offs

“… 20 Antibodies have not been routinely used for COVID‐19 diagnosis and should be used in combination with other information (i.e., symptoms) to define COVID‐19 in CER. 21 The key considerations related to defining treatment exposure data using EHR data are as follows: Selecting the appropriate source(s) for vaccine or drug exposure information: EHR systems may have heterogeneous sources of medication information, each with various details and validity regarding preventive or therapeutic interventions. Prescribing (i.e., order) data are typically available in EHRs, and, in many settings, electronic medication administration record (eMAR) data as well.…”

“…We recommend using a case definition based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 diagnosis codes (e.g., U07.1) or positive results of a Nucleic Acid Amplification Test or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) because rapid antigen tests have variable performance when validated against the PCR test results, especially for asymptomatic patients or those with symptom onset more than 1 week ago 20 . Antibodies have not been routinely used for COVID‐19 diagnosis and should be used in combination with other information (i.e., symptoms) to define COVID‐19 in CER 21 . The key considerations related to defining treatment exposure data using EHR data are as follows: Selecting the appropriate source(s) for vaccine or drug exposure information: EHR systems may have heterogeneous sources of medication information, each with various details and validity regarding preventive or therapeutic interventions.…”

Enhanced SARS-CoV-2 IgG durability following COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccination and comparison of BNT162b2 with mRNA-1273

“… 6 , 7 , 8 Although antibody levels are an imperfect surrogate of vaccine efficacy, it is clear that antibodies to S-RBD are an important component of a protective response. 1 , 2 To date there has been little data showing the dynamics of the antibody response after booster vaccination in comparison to the initial primary series. In addition, there has been a lack of head-to-head studies comparing BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 after booster vaccination.…”

Endogenous Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Patients With Mild or Moderate COVID-19 Who Received Bamlanivimab Alone or Bamlanivimab and Etesevimab Together

“…The host immune response continues to be the best defense against SARS-CoV-2 ( 2 ). While both innate and adaptive immune processes are important, the humoral response against the virus remains critical ( 3 , 4 ). Healthy individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2 mount a robust immune response involving the production of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against a wide variety of SARS-CoV-2 epitopes across the nucleocapsid protein (NCP) and the spike protein ( 5 ).…”