The role and regulation of programmed cell death in plant-pathogen interactions

Greenberg, Jean T.; Yao, Nan

doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2004.00361.x

Cited by 639 publications

(478 citation statements)

References 96 publications

(117 reference statements)

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“…Cell death in response to pathogen attack is often associated with the activation of the SA defense pathway (Greenberg and Yao, 2004). Similarly, chlorosis is associated with high levels of ET production (Schaller and Keiber, 2001).…”

Section: Pen3 Encodes a Pdr-like Abc Transportermentioning

confidence: 99%

ArabidopsisPEN3/PDR8, an ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Contributes to Nonhost Resistance to Inappropriate Pathogens That Enter by Direct Penetration

et al. 2006

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Arabidopsis thaliana is a host to the powdery mildew Erysiphe cichoracearum and nonhost to Blumeria graminis f. sp hordei, the powdery mildew pathogenic on barley (Hordeum vulgare). Screening for Arabidopsis mutants deficient in resistance to barley powdery mildew identified PENETRATION3 (PEN3). pen3 plants permitted both increased invasion into epidermal cells and initiation of hyphae by B. g. hordei, suggesting that PEN3 contributes to defenses at the cell wall and intracellularly. pen3 mutants were compromised in resistance to the necrotroph Plectosphaerella cucumerina and to two additional inappropriate biotrophs, pea powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi) and potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans). Unexpectedly, pen3 mutants were resistant to E. cichoracearum. This resistance was salicylic acid–dependent and correlated with chlorotic patches. Consistent with this observation, salicylic acid pathway genes were hyperinduced in pen3 relative to the wild type. The phenotypes conferred by pen3 result from the loss of function of PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE8 (PDR8), a highly expressed putative ATP binding cassette transporter. PEN3/PDR8 tagged with green fluorescent protein localized to the plasma membrane in uninfected cells. In infected leaves, the protein concentrated at infection sites. PEN3/PDR8 may be involved in exporting toxic materials to attempted invasion sites, and intracellular accumulation of these toxins in pen3 may secondarily activate the salicylic acid pathway.

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Section: Pen3 Encodes a Pdr-like Abc Transportermentioning

confidence: 99%

ArabidopsisPEN3/PDR8, an ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Contributes to Nonhost Resistance to Inappropriate Pathogens That Enter by Direct Penetration

et al. 2006

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“…Finally, transcription factors like WKRYs activate a deep transcriptional reprogramming of the cell (Eulgem 2005), leading to the activation of defense responses per se. These include production of antimicrobial secondary metabolites (phytoalexins like momilactones in rice; Peters 2006), pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins (e.g., chitinases, glucanases, PBZ1 in rice; Jwa et al 2006;van Loon et al 2006), cell wall strengthening (Hückelhoven 2007), and programmed cell death, leading to hypersensitive response (HR; Greenberg and Yao 2004). The genes that act downstream of the disease resistance pathway are collectively called defense genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Candidate Genes for Improving Rice Disease Resistance

Delteil

Zhang²,

Lessard³

et al. 2010

Rice

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Diseases caused by fungal and bacterial pathogens like Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae are responsible for considerable yield loss. Up to now, in rice, the modification of the expression of more than 60 genes from diverse origins has shown beneficial effects with respect to disease resistance. In this paper, we review this large set of data to identify the best genes and strategies to achieve disease resistance by transgenic approaches. Altered expression of genes involved in signal transduction and transcription may lead to many unwanted side effects, like lesion mimic phenotypes. Moreover, modification of resistance to abiotic stress has been neglected and should be carefully examined in the future. Genes like resistance genes and pathogenesis-related genes can confer broad spectrum and high levels of resistance to several pathogens. Preformed expression of defense is often observed but does not necessarily lead to detrimental effects. Although examples of gene pyramiding are scarce, they suggest that this is a very promising strategy. More field evaluation of the transgenic plants is required to draw final conclusions on the usefulness of these genes for improving disease resistance.

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“…H 2 O 2 -induced PCD itself is essential for developmental processes and environmental responses, including aleurone cell death, hypersensitive response to pathogens, and allelopathic plantplant interactions (1,5,6). While the process is well studied in animals, little is known about the genes involved in plant PCD (7). A problem for achieving high H 2 O 2 levels suitable for studying H 2 O 2 -induced PCD is the rapid H 2 O 2 degradation by the plant antioxidant system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Peroxide-induced Cell Death in Arabidopsis: Transcriptional and Mutant Analysis Reveals a Role of an Oxoglutarate-dependent Dioxygenase Gene in the Cell Death Process

Gechev¹,

Minkov

Hille³

2005

IUBMB Life (International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular B

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SummaryHydrogen peroxide is a major regulator of plant programmed cell death (PCD) but little is known about the downstream genes from the H 2 O 2 -signaling network that mediate the cell death. To address this question, a novel system for studying H 2 O 2 -induced programmed cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana was used. The catalase inhibitor aminotriazole (AT) reduced the catalase activity and caused endogenous accumulation of hydrogen peroxide that eventually triggered cell death. Microarray analysis with a DNA chip representing 21500 genes and subsequent comparison with other PCD-related expression studies revealed a set of new H 2 O 2 -responsive genes that were highly regulated in a common fashion during different types of PCD. These included an oxoglutaratedependent dioxygenase and various oxidoreductases, the transcription factors Zat11, WRKY75 and NAM, proteasomal components, a heterologous group of genes with diverse functions, and genes encoding proteins with unknown functions. Knockout lines of the oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase exhibited significantly reduced death symptoms and chlorophyll loss upon H 2 O 2 -induced cell death, indicating a role for this gene in the cell death network.

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The role and regulation of programmed cell death in plant-pathogen interactions

Cited by 639 publications

References 96 publications

ArabidopsisPEN3/PDR8, an ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Contributes to Nonhost Resistance to Inappropriate Pathogens That Enter by Direct Penetration

ArabidopsisPEN3/PDR8, an ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Contributes to Nonhost Resistance to Inappropriate Pathogens That Enter by Direct Penetration

Potential Candidate Genes for Improving Rice Disease Resistance

Hydrogen Peroxide-induced Cell Death in Arabidopsis: Transcriptional and Mutant Analysis Reveals a Role of an Oxoglutarate-dependent Dioxygenase Gene in the Cell Death Process

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