The Role and Impacts of Growth Hormones in Maximizing Animal Production- A review

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to examine the role and impacts of growth hormone in maximizing animal products. Growth hormones are biological stimulants that are found either naturally in the organism or synthetically manufactured. Phytoestrogens, phytoprogestrons and Phenolic compounds are hormones from plants. Drugs from of placenta and colostrums of cow`s contain progesterone, estrogene, gonadotropin, and prostaglandins hormones. Growth hormones have got popular applications in dairy, beef, feed improvement and Biopharmaceutical productions with the aim of producing valuable products: fat free meat (Porcine Somatotropin hormone in pigs), nutritionally and medicinally reach milk (Bovine Somatotropin hormone in cattle), palatable and disease and insect pest resistant forage crop production. They have got also contribution in maximizing livestock production by involving in adjusting animals’ reproductive process such as oestrus synchronization and superovulation mainly during artificial insemination and embryo transfer. Controversially, these hormones have wide impacts on human being, animal welfare, environment and etc. Contamination of ground water by hormones that are found in the animals` excreta will cause deleterious effects such as cancer, loss of fertility, and some imbalance of minerals in the water and soil.

Phytoestrogens: A Review of Their Impacts on Reproductive Physiology and Other Effects upon Grazing Livestock

“…This would be useful as an alternative method for promoting growth in feedlot operations. Feedlot operators may utilize growth hormone injections in cattle to improve eating quality, by decreasing the accumulation of fat and increasing the ratio of lean meat in young heifers and steers [ 55 ]. This in turn increases feed efficiency, allowing greater growth to be achieved on equal to or reduced quantity of feed.…”

The effect of non-genetic factors on Bali Cattle (Bos javanicus) growth traits

“…Bali cattle after weaning are strongly supported by the environment and the nature of hormonal enhancement. The growth of male sex is faster than female because of hormones [15]. Bulls will grow faster than female cows because of the androgen hormone.…”

Blood metabolites profile and Growth Hormone mRNA expression of Peranakan Ongole cattle fed with finishing ration containing Vinasse-molasses

“…Growth hormone is one of the hormones contributes in coordinating nutrient metabolism. Growth hormone is a peptide hormone synthesized by somatotrophin cells in pituitary gland that stimulates growth, cell reproduction and regeneration in human and animals [22]. The growth hormone (GH1) is considered as one of most important molecules that coordinates many physiological processes including bone and skeletal muscle growth in beef cattle [4].…”